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COMMUNICATION
Journal Name
Table 3. Hole charge carrier mobility values for 1-2.
Conflicts of interest
DOI: 10.1039/D0CC01226B
2
a
Mobility (cm /V.s)
“There are no conflicts to declare”.
1
2
Hole
(4.13 ± 0.69) x 10-2
3.42 (4.22) ± 0.86b
a
b
References
Mobility values are an average of five samples measured in different regions.
value in bracket indicates the highest mobility value obtained at room
1
(a) X. Feng, V. Marcon, W. Pisula, M. R. Hansen, J. Kirkpatrick,
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F. Grozema, D. Andrienko, K. Kremer and K. Müllen, Nat.
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However, almost uniform homeotropic alignment was observed
over the whole area of sample
2
order and has varied up to several orders (~1-5) of magnitude
in homeotropically aligned (more mobility) versus non-aligned
samples/areas (less mobility) in several prior reports on
2
3
H. Sirringhaus, Adv. Mater., 2014, 26, 1319.
C. Wang, H. Dong, L. Jiang and W. Hu, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2018,
2 showing higher mobility (Figure
c). SCLC mobility is sensitive to macroscopic orientational
47, 422.
4
J. Y. Back, T. K. An, Y. R. Cheon, H. Cha, J. Jang, Y. Kim, Y. Baek,
D. S. Chung, S. K. Kwon, C. E. Park and Y. H. Kim, ACS Appl.
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(a) S. Kumar, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 83; (b) B. R. Kaafarani,
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8,19,20
DLCs.
Additionally, the grain boundaries of the
A. R. Murphy and J. M. J. Fre´chet, Chem. Rev., 2007, 107
066.
,
homeotropic domains of the samples can be visualized upon
rotating the crossed polarizers to 45° angle (Figure 2b and 2d).
1
(a) E. M. García‐Frutos, U. K. Pandey, R. Termine, A. Omenat,
J. Barberá, J. L. Serrano, A. Golemme and B. Gómez‐Lor,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 7399; (b) C. Ruiz, E. M.
García-Frutos, G. Hennrich and B. Gomez-Lor, J. Phys. Chem.
It can be noted that homeotropic domains for
large flower-like domains (Figure 2b); however, uniform
homeotropic background was observed in case of (Figure 2d).
Consistent with this finding, the grain boundaries associated
with flower-like domains in case of sample may act as barrier
for charge transport and might be contributing to its lower
mobility values. Apparently, the temperature-dependent
mobility measurements for both and showed slight variation
in the mobility values from Col to Col phase change (Figure 2f),
which echoes well with the previous findings. Detailed
statistics of measured mobility values of and is provided in
Table S5. It is widely acknowledged that mobility values
measured in SCLC technique are always towards its lower limit
and can be further enhanced by optimizing various factors.
For providing additional insight into the observed trend of
charge mobility values for and 2, GISAXS studies (Figure 2g-j)
1 have grown in
2
Lett., 2012,
J. Eccher, G. C. Faria, H. Bock, H. von Seggern and I. H.
Bechtold, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, , 11935.
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0 R. Volpi, A. C. S. Camilo, D. A. da Silva Filho, J. T. L. Navarrete,
B. Gómez-Lor, M. C. R. Delgado and M. Linares, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 24202.
3, 1428.
8
9
1
5
1
7
1
2
1
r
h
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 J. De, S. P. Gupta, I. Bala, S. Kumar and S. K. Pal, Langmuir,
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1
were carried out to estimate their orientational order which is
inversely proportional to full width at half maxima (FWHM) of
azimuthal plot (Figure 2i-j) of first diffraction peak. Both
exhibit Col phase at room temperature. The FWHM values
extracted for and from their azimuthal plot of (10) peak of
Col phase are found to be 133° and 45°, respectively, at room
temperature. This indicates a much better orientational order
for in Col phase as compared to that supports the observed
higher (~ 2 orders) mobility (hole) values over
In summary, tetrathienoanthracene (TTA) unit was utilized
1 and 2
r
1
1
5 A. Kahn, Mater. Horiz., 2016, 3, 7.
6 N. F. Mott, D. Gurney, D. Electronic Processes in Ionic Crystals;
Academic Press: New York, 1970; p 45.
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.
1
8 H. Hayashi, W. Nihashi, T. Umeyama, Y. Matano, S. Seki, Y.
Shimizu and H. Imahori, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 10736;
as a convenient building block to the development of highly 19 J. De, I. Bala, S. P. Gupta, U. K. Pandey and S. K. Pal, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2019, 141, 18799.
efficient hole transporting DLC systems. The observed SCLC hole
mobility value of 4.22 cm /V.s for
thiophene based DLCs. The findings of this work can certainly
guide to develop new high performance charge transport DLC
materials that provide appropriate balance between mobility
and processability in devices.
2
20 R. Chico, E. de Domingo, C. Domínguez, B. Donnio, R. Heinrich,
R. Termine, A. Golemme, S. Coco and P. Espinet, Chem.
Mater., 2017, 29, 7587.
2
is remarkable and highest in
2
1 X. Liu, T. Usui and J. A. Hanna, Chem. Mater., 2014, 26, 5437.
SKP, IB and JD acknowledge SERB Project File No.
(CRG/2019/000901/OC),
09/947(0061)/2015-EMR-I
and
(09/947(0220)/2019/EMR-I, respectively. UKP thanks DST-
INSPIRE (IFA12-ENG-27) and SNU for funding. We thank NMR,
HRMS and SAXS/WAXS facility at IISER Mohali. We thank Dr.
Adrene Freeda D’cruz for critical reading of the manuscript.
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