Gadolinium

Gadolinium General

Name:Gadolinium	Symbol:Gd
Type:Rare Earth, Lanthanides	Atomic weight:157.25
Density @ 293 K:7.895 g/cm3	Atomic volume:19.9 cm3/mol
Discovered: 1880

Gadolinium States

State (s, l, g):solid
Melting point:1584.2 K	Boiling point:3273 K

Gadolinium Energies

Specific heat capacity:0.23 J/gK	Heat of atomization:398 kJ/mole atoms
Heat of fusion:10.050 kJ/mol	Heat of vaporization :359.40 kJ/mol
1st ionization energy:592.6 kJ/mole	2nd ionization energy:1167 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy:1991 kJ/mole	Electron affinity:50 kJ/mole

Gadolinium Oxidation & Electrons

Shells:2,8,18,25,9,2	Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Minimum oxidation number:0	Maximum oxidation number:3
Min. common oxidation no.:0	Max. common oxidation no.:3
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.17	Polarizability volume: 23.5 Å3

Gadolinium Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:hcp: hexagonal close pkd	Color:silvery-white
Hardness:mohs
Harmful effects:
Characteristics:   Uses: alloys, CD disk

Gadolinium Reactions

Reaction with air:vigorous, => Gd2O3	Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild, => H2, GdCl3
Reaction with 15 M HNO3:mild, => Gd(NO3)3	Reaction with 6 M NaOH:

Gadolinium Compounds

Oxide(s):Gd2O3	Chloride(s):GdCl3
Hydride(s):GdH2 GdH3

Gadolinium Radius

Atomic radius:180 pm	Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion):pm	Ionic radius (3+ ion):107.8 pm
Ionic radius (2- ion):pm	Ionic radius (1- ion):pm

Gadolinium Conductivity

Thermal conductivity:10.5 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity:7.9 1/mohm-cm

Gadolinium Abundance & Isotopes

Abundance earth's crust:0.7 log

Abundance solar system: -0.481 log

Cost, pure:$655 per 100g

Cost, bulk:$ per 100g

Source: Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite

Isotopes: 7

Gadolinium Other

Other:

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