Gadolinium
Gadolinium General
| Name:Gadolinium | Symbol:Gd |
| Type:Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Atomic weight:157.25 |
| Density @ 293 K:7.895 g/cm3 | Atomic volume:19.9 cm3/mol |
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Discovered:
1880 |
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Gadolinium States
| State (s, l, g):solid | |
| Melting point:1584.2 K | Boiling point:3273 K |
Gadolinium Energies
| Specific heat capacity:0.23 J/gK | Heat of atomization:398 kJ/mole atoms |
| Heat of fusion:10.050 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization :359.40 kJ/mol |
| 1st ionization energy:592.6 kJ/mole | 2nd ionization energy:1167 kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy:1991 kJ/mole | Electron affinity:50 kJ/mole |
Gadolinium Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells:2,8,18,25,9,2 | Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number:0 | Maximum oxidation number:3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.:0 | Max. common oxidation no.:3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.17 | Polarizability volume: 23.5 Å3 |
Gadolinium Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure:hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color:silvery-white |
| Hardness:mohs | |
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Harmful effects:
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Characteristics:
Uses: alloys, CD disk |
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Gadolinium Reactions
| Reaction with air:vigorous, => Gd2O3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild, => H2, GdCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3:mild, => Gd(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Gadolinium Compounds
| Oxide(s):Gd2O3 | Chloride(s):GdCl3 |
| Hydride(s):GdH2 GdH3 |
Gadolinium Radius
| Atomic radius:180 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion):pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion):107.8 pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion):pm | Ionic radius (1- ion):pm |
Gadolinium Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity:10.5 J/m-sec-deg | Electrical conductivity:7.9 1/mohm-cm |
Gadolinium Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust:0.7 log | |
| Abundance solar system: -0.481 log | |
| Cost, pure:$655 per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk:$ per 100g | |
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Source:
Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
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Isotopes:
7 |
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Gadolinium Other
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Other:
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