Thorium

Thorium General

Name:Thorium	Symbol:Th
Type:Rare Earth, Actinides	Atomic weight:232.0381
Density @ 293 K:11.7 g/cm3	Atomic volume: 19.9 cm3/mol
Discovered: 1829

Thorium States

State (s, l, g):solid
Melting point:2023.2 K	Boiling point:5123 K

Thorium Energies

Specific heat capacity:0.12 J/gK	Heat of atomization:576 kJ/mole atoms
Heat of fusion:16.10 kJ/mol	Heat of vaporization :514.40 kJ/mol
1st ionization energy:587 kJ/mole	2nd ionization energy:1110 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy:1930 kJ/mole	Electron affinity:kJ/mole

Thorium Oxidation & Electrons

Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,10,2	Electron configuration:[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Minimum oxidation number:0	Maximum oxidation number:4
Min. common oxidation no.:0	Max. common oxidation no.:4
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 1.3	Polarizability volume:32.1 Å3

Thorium Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:fcc: face-centered cubic	Color:white
Hardness:mohs
Harmful effects:
Characteristics: Radioactive Uses:  gas mantles (ThO2)

Thorium Reactions

Reaction with air:mild, w/ht ignites => ThO2	Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild
Reaction with 15 M HNO3:passivated	Reaction with 6 M NaOH: none

Thorium Compounds

Oxide(s): ThO2	Chloride(s):ThCl4
Hydride(s):ThH2 Th4H15

Thorium Radius

Atomic radius:179 pm	Ionic radius (1+ ion):pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion):pm	Ionic radius (3+ ion):pm
Ionic radius (2- ion):pm	Ionic radius (1- ion):pm

Thorium Conductivity

Thermal conductivity:54 J/m-sec-deg

Electrical conductivity:76.923 1/mohm-cm

Thorium Abundance & Isotopes

Abundance earth's crust:1 log

Abundance solar system: -1.475 log

Cost, pure:$/100g

Cost, bulk:$/100g

Source: Monazite(phosphate),U extractn

Isotopes: 3

Thorium Other

Other:

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