Thulium
Thulium General
Name:Thulium | Symbol:Tm |
Type:Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Atomic weight:168.9342 |
Density @ 293 K:9.33 g/cm3 | Atomic volume:18.1 cm3/mol |
Discovered:
1879 |
Thulium States
State (s, l, g):solid | |
Melting point:1818.2 K | Boiling point:2000 K |
Thulium Energies
Specific heat capacity:0.16 J/gK | Heat of atomization:232 kJ/mole atoms |
Heat of fusion:16.840 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization :191.0 kJ/mol |
1st ionization energy:596.7 kJ/mole | 2nd ionization energy:1163 kJ/mole |
3rd ionization energy:2544 kJ/mole | Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole |
Thulium Oxidation & Electrons
Shells:2,8,18,31,8,2 | Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
Minimum oxidation number:0 | Maximum oxidation number:3 |
Min. common oxidation no.:0 | Max. common oxidation no.:3 |
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.25 | Polarizability volume: 21.8 Å3 |
Thulium Appearance & Characteristics
Structure:hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color:silvery-white |
Hardness:mohs | |
Harmful effects:
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Characteristics:
soft Uses: alloys |
Thulium Reactions
Reaction with air:vigorous, => Tm2O3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild, => H2, TmCl3 |
Reaction with 15 M HNO3:mild, => Tm(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Thulium Compounds
Oxide(s):Tm2O3 | Chloride(s): TmCl2 TmCl3 |
Hydride(s):TmH2 TmH3 |
Thulium Radius
Atomic radius:176 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
Ionic radius (2+ ion):117 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion):102 pm |
Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Thulium Conductivity
Thermal conductivity:16.9 J/m-sec-deg | Electrical conductivity:13.5 1/mohm-cm |
Thulium Abundance & Isotopes
Abundance earth's crust:-0.3 log | |
Abundance solar system: -1.423 log | |
Cost, pure:$13150 per 100g | |
Cost, bulk:$ per 100g | |
Source:
Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
|
Isotopes:
1 |
Thulium Other
Other:
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