Tubocurarine Chloride

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Tubocurarine Chloride
• CAS No.: 57-94-3
• Deprecated CAS: 1406-69-5,303-11-7,64780-74-1,29132-50-1
• Molecular Formula: C37H41 N2 O6 . Cl H . Cl
• Molecular Weight: 681.656
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-356-9
• UNII: 7BCM17J5YA
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL292280
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID2023727
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C142997
• Wikidata: Q27268018
• Wikipedia: Tubocurarine_chloride
• Mol file: 57-94-3.mol

Synonyms:d-Tubocurare;d-Tubocurarine;Tubocurare;Tubocurarine;Tubocurarine Chloride

Chemical Property of Tubocurarine Chloride

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: CLEAR COLOURLESS LIQUID
• Melting Point: 274～275℃
• Refractive Index: 1.7350 (estimate)
• Boiling Point: °Cat760mmHg
• PKA: pK: 7.4(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: °C
• PSA: 80.62000
• Density: g/cm³
• LogP: 4.40370
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
• Rotatable Bond Count: 2
• Exact Mass: 680.2419925
• Heavy Atom Count: 47
• Complexity: 990

Purity/Quality:

(+)-Tubocurarine Chloride - CAS 57-94-3 - Calbiochem ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T
• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 25
• Safety Statements: 45

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Canonical SMILES: CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C6C(CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O3)[N+](CCC6=CC(=C5O)OC)(C)C)OC.Cl.[Cl-]
• Isomeric SMILES: CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2[C@@H]1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C6[C@@H](CC7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O3)[N+](CCC6=CC(=C5O)OC)(C)C)OC.Cl.[Cl-]
• Description: The name curare is derived from the native Guyana Mukusi Indian word wurari. In 1596, Sir Walter Raleigh referred to curare in The Discovery of the Large, Rich, and Beautiful Empire of Guiana. In 1780, Abbe Felix Fontana identified the action of curare on voluntary muscles. In 1800, Alexander von Humboldt described the extraction of curare. In 1811, Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie determined that complete recovery from curare poisoning is possible provided artificial ventilation is maintained. In 1825, Charles Waterton brought curarep to Europe, and in 1835 Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk classified and named the vine Strychnos toxifera. In 1850, George Harley demonstrated that curare could be used to treat tetanus and strychnine poisoning. By 1868, Claude Bernard and Alfred Vulpian had identified the site of action of curare as the motor end plate. From 1887, curare was marketed for medical use by Burroughs Welcome. In 1900, Jacob Pal recognized that physostigmine could be used to antagonize the effects of curare. In 1912, Arthur Lawen demonstrated the use of curare during surgery, but this potential was not realized as the finding was published in German. In 1914, Henry Hallett Dale described the action of acetylcholine. In 1935, Harold King isolated D-tubocurarine and described its structure, while in 1936 Dale revealed the role of acetylcholine in neuromuscular transmission and the mechanism of action for curare. In 1940, Abram Elting Bennett revealed that curare could be used to reduce trauma during metrazol-induced convulsive therapy for spastic disorders in children. In 1942, Harold Griffith and Enid Johnson used curare to augment general anesthesia when performing an appendectomy. Curare was used surgically until the development of safer synthetic neuromuscular blocking analogues such as Pancuronium (in 1964), Vecuronium (in 1979), Mivacurium (in 1993), and Rocuronium (in 1994).
• Physical properties: Appearance: white or slightly yellow crystalline powder. Solubility: it can be dissolved 50?mg/ml (22?°C) in water; easily soluble in methanol and ethanol; insoluble in ether, pyridine, chloroform, benzene, and acetone; and dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution. Specific optical rotation: +210 to +224°. Melting point: anhydrous 274–275?°C (decomposition)
• Uses: Neuromuscular blocking agent. Historically, curare was first used as a paralyzing arrow/dart poison by indigenous South Americans. Later, curare was used as a muscle relaxant during surgery. Previously, to enable deep surgery, increased relaxation could only be achieved by higher and hence riskier quantities of general anesthetic. Being able to control the degree of muscle relaxation independently of the depth of sedation greatly improves survival, although bringing an associated risk of awareness while anesthetized.
• Clinical Use: The drug known for the muscle relaxants is mainly used for abdominal surgery and was once used for the treatment of tremor paralysis, tetanus, rabies, poison, and so on. For adults, the amount of one intravenous injection is 6–9?mg and can increase to 3–4.5?mg if necessary (the amount should be reduced to 1/3?in ether anesthesia). The action lasts for 20–40? min. The injection can be repeated according to the length of the operation time and muscle relaxation needs, and the dose is half of the first. For electrical shock, a dose of 0.165?mg/kg every time was administrated in 30–90?s. For diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, a dose of 0.004–0.033?mg/kg everytime was used. However, attention must be paid that the drug can lead to the risk of paralysis of the respiratory muscles; emergency medicine and equipment must be prepared before. Oxygen supply, endotracheal intubation, and artificial respiration or injection of neostigmine at the same time (or phenolic ammonium chloride) can be carried out to counteract breathing stopping. It is contraindicated for the patients with myasthenia gravis. In addition, depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine antagonizes non-depolarized muscle relaxant tubocurarine, and the clinical combination should be avoided.