10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.052
The study focuses on the synthesis, insecticidal activities, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of novel phthalamides targeting calcium channels, specifically the ryanodine receptor. These compounds were designed to serve as environmentally friendly insecticides. The research involved the design and synthesis of three series of phthalamides, which included compounds with a heptafluoroisopropyl group, low fluorine atoms group, and non-fluorine group. A total of 35 novel structures were obtained and tested for their insecticidal activities against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The study revealed that most of these compounds exhibited moderate to high insecticidal activities at the tested concentrations. The structure-activity relationship was discussed in detail to understand the role of different chemical groups on the insecticidal efficacy. Additionally, the study employed calcium-imaging techniques to investigate the effects of certain compounds on intracellular calcium ion concentration, indicating their potential as modulators of the insect ryanodine receptor. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of new, environmentally friendly insecticides targeting calcium channels.