10.1021/jm300648b
The research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel α-fluorinated derivatives based on the ABP688 structural framework, aiming to develop an optimal fluorine-18-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). The purpose of this research is to create a radiotracer with a longer physical half-life than the existing carbon-11 labeled tracer, [11C]-ABP688, which is limited by the short half-life of carbon-11. The researchers synthesized a series of five α-fluorinated derivatives using a two-step enolization/NFSI α-fluorination method. The most promising candidate, (Z)-16, exhibited a binding affinity (Ki) of 5.7 nM and a clogP value of 2.3. The synthesis involved various chemicals, including ethoxy enone, ethynylmagnesium bromide, SelectFluor, chlorotrimethylsilane, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), and O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, among others. The research concluded that (Z)-16 is a potential mGluR5 PET radiotracer, but due to stereochemical preferences, the E-isomer of α-hydroxy derivative (E)-20 was selected for further synthesis, leading to the preparation of (E)-[18F]-16 as a model compound. This compound showed stability in vitro in plasma and PBS and specificity to mGluR5, encouraging the researchers to explore alternative routes to access the Z-isomer selectively.
10.1002/chem.202101499
The research focuses on the development of bench-stable electrophilic fluorinating reagents as substitutes for N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) to achieve highly selective mono- and difluorination of silyl enol ethers. The purpose of this study is to synthesize fluorinated compounds, which are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to their ability to increase biological activity and enhance physicochemical properties. The researchers synthesized reagents by replacing one of the NFSI sulfonyl groups with an acyl group, leading to selective monofluorination while suppressing undesired difluorination. Conversely, NFSI derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents at benzenesulfonyl groups facilitated difluorination under base-free conditions. The study concluded that these modified NFSI backbone reagents enable the selective production of both mono- and difluorinated compounds from the same starting material, demonstrating the potential for late-stage fluorination in biologically active molecules.
10.1002/anie.201409961
The research describes an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed enantioselective α-fluorination method for synthesizing α-fluoro esters, amides, and thioesters from simple aliphatic aldehydes and α-chloro aldehydes. The key chemicals involved include N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), which serves dual roles as both the fluorinating reagent and the oxidant, and pyrazole, which is used as an acyl transfer reagent for the synthesis of α-fluoro amides and thioesters. The study highlights the versatility and efficiency of this catalytic system, demonstrating excellent enantioselectivity and compatibility with various functional groups, including Fmoc-protected amines, esters, ethers, and alkynes. The method also allows for a one-pot process combining alcohol oxidation and fluorination, further enhancing its synthetic utility.