Chemical Property of Ginkgo biloba extract
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Chemical Property:
- Appearance/Colour:brown fine powder
- PSA：0.00000
- LogP:0.00000
- Purity/Quality:
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10:1,30:1,24%flavone 6% lactone, *data from raw suppliers
GinkgoBiloba 95 *data from reagent suppliers
Safty Information:
- Pictogram(s):
- Hazard Codes:
- MSDS Files:
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Useful:
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Drug Interactions
Ginkgo biloba extract, a commonly used drug for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is often combined with drugs of anti-platelet, sedation, and blood pressure, lipid-lowering. Ginkgo and its monomer flavonoids component such as quercetin, kaempferol and isorhmnetin etc can inhibit CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2B6. Moreover, its monomer components ginkgolides A, B and bilobalide can induce the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP3A2, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, etc. It is also the substrate of the P-glycoprotein. Therefore combination with other drugs can easily lead to drug-drug interactions, whose processes are complex. Therefore this issue needs to be taken seriously.
In recent years, there have been individual cases of bleeding caused by taking ginkgo biloba and other anticoagulant drugs in combination. Ginkgo biloba cause bleeding through inhibiting PAF. Ginkgolide B is considered as the most important component during this process. But there is still no corresponding control study. Currently the components and the amount of ginkgo biloba commercialized products vary greatly with each other. The dose of Ginkgolide B associated with the amount of bleeding is still unknown. Moreover, other components in the products may also cause bleeding. Therefore, research in this area remains to be deepened. Therefore, according to the current studies, we needs to report to physicians about the cases in which Ginkgo biloba cause bleeding to attract enough attention. Also try to avoid the preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract together with anticoagulants such as aspirin, warfarin.
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Uses
1. food and health food industry
Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba has antioxidant activity, thus can be added as an antioxidant into fats and sweets. Total flavonoids are mostly yellow, and have a wide solubility spectrum including both water-solubility and lipid solubility, so it can play a role of coloring agent. People can process Ginkgo biloba into ultrafine powder and add into food. Grinding ginkgo leaf ultra-finely and adding to cakes, biscuits, noodles, candy, ice cream as 5% to 10% can make Ginkgo biloba health food.
Ginkgo biloba extract is taken as a food additive in Canada. It has been approved in Germany and France as non-prescription drugs, Ginkgo biloba has been loaded into United States Pharmacopeia (24th edition). Ginkgo biloba extract can be used as a dietary supplement in the United States. There are more than 30 international Ginkgo products including: Ginkgo leaves, Ginkgo Oral Liquid, ginkgolide injection, gingko injection, Ginkgo Biloba pills, granules Compound Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo biloba extract, etc. From 2009 to 2011, sales of ginkgo biloba preparation and DDDs list stably rank the top three among commonly used Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disease.
Ginkgo biloba leaves contains a small amount of proanthocyanidins and urushiol acid, which have certain toxicity to humans. Processing Ginkgo leaves as raw material for foods needs undergo a special treatment to reduce proanthocyanidins and urushiol acid. However, the current dose range applied has no acute, chronic toxicity, and teratogenic effects. In 1992, the Ministry of Health has approved ginkgo biloba extract as a new food additive. In recent years, total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been widely used in the food industry. Research and development of related products has broad prospects.
2. Daily chemical industry
The combination between Ginkgo biloba extract and skin absorption enhancer can also prevent irritation of the adhesives when using topical ointments and sticking agents, including creams, ointments, and plasters, etc. The skin care products containing GBE in current market include anti-aging facial cleanser, bath foam, lipstick, eye cream and so on. GBE can also be used to produce hair growth, hair care products. Chen Yan, et al., even adds Ginkgo biloba extract into toothpaste, which has a certain anti-caries effects according to their research. ginkgo biloba extract (ginkgo extract) is credited with anti-oxidant properties, it also appears to aid fibroblast cells in the production of collagen and elastin. This ability is attributed to a number of flavonoid fractions, including quercetin, kaempferol, and ginkgetin. Additionally, ginkgo is an anti-inflammatory and may help improve a couperose condition because of a protective effect on vascular walls. ginkgo was used in folkloric medicine as a blood vessel dilator because of its ability to increase blood flow and stimulate tissue oxygen consumption. It is considered a beneficial anti-aging ingredient. ginkgo’s key constituents include ginkgolide and bilobalide, catechin, tannin, quercetin, and luteolin.
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Indications
Ginkgo, or maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), is thought
to be the most ancient of living tree species, and it is
now also one of the top selling herbs in Europe and the
United States because of its reputed ability to improve
cognitive function. Ginkgo leaf extract is prepared from
ginkgo leaf by a complex process that removes toxic
ginkgolic acid. This reduces the risk of allergic reactions
to the leaves if they are consumed directly. Ginkgo leaf
extract contains 24% flavone glycosides (including the
antioxidant rutin, which improves capillary fragility)
and 6% terpene lactones.
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Clinical Use
Ginkgo leaf extract is most popular for cognitive disorders,
including memory loss, dementia, and cerebrovascular
insufficiency. A number of well-designed clinical
trials have shown modest benefit in Alzheimer’s disease,
with ginkgo extract appearing as effective as second-
generation cholinesterase inhibitors. At least one
large (214 patient) study, however, failed to show a
memory improvement in dementia patients. Studies are
now under way to see whether ginkgo use will protect
against development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Intermittent claudication appears to benefit from
ginkgo therapy: many studies demonstrate improved
walking distance and decreased pain. One meta-analysis
of eight studies documented statistically significant improvement
but questioned its clinical relevance. In some
studies, the high doses (240 mg) appeared more effective.
Vertigo and tinnitus are difficult to treat conditions
for which ginkgo is frequently recommended. At least
two trials support the use of gingko extract for vertigo,
but the evidence for tinnitus remains inconclusive.
Other suggested uses include sexual dysfunction
secondary to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs), macular degeneration, premenstrual syndrome,
and the prevention of acute mountain sickness
at high altitude. Some of these uses are supported only
by a single study.
