Refernces
10.2298/JSC150430063O
The research presents the synthesis and evaluation of new cyclohexylidene 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with polar guanidine and urea-based groups for their potential as antimalarial agents against chloroquine-resistant and susceptible Plasmodium falciparum strains, and as anti-cancer molecules. The study involved the synthesis of derivatives using reactants such as gem-dihydroperoxide, benzyl 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate, and various coupling agents, followed by comprehensive analyses including NMR, IR, MS, and HPLC to characterize the compounds. The antimalarial activity was assessed using the Malaria SYBR Green I based fluorescence assay against different P. falciparum strains, while cytotoxicity was determined on human normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Additionally, select compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and in vivo activity against Toxoplasma gondii in a murine model. The experiments utilized techniques like MTT tests for cell survival, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, and microscopic examination for morphological assessment of cell death. The study identified derivative 24 as the most promising candidate with low nanomolar antimalarial activities, high selectivity indices, and significant in vivo potential against T. gondii.
10.1055/s-2008-1078269
The research presents an innovative and efficient method for synthesizing phthalonitriles from o-dibromobenzenes under mild conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop an alternative to the traditional Rosenmund–von Braun reaction, which often suffers from low yields and harsh reaction conditions. The researchers utilized key chemicals such as Zn(CN)?, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd?(dba)?), and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (DPPF) as catalysts in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solvent. The method demonstrated high yields (between 62% and 97%) and was effective for various o-dibromobenzenes with different substituents, including electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. The study concluded that this palladium-catalyzed cyanation method is a significant improvement over existing methods, offering milder conditions, higher yields, and the ability to tolerate a wide range of functional groups without the formation of unwanted byproducts.
10.1142/S1088424613500909
This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of three novel hydroquinone-based subphthalocyanine (SubPc) dimers. The researchers used phthalonitriles and BCl? to synthesize chloro-subphthalocyanines (Cl-SubPcs), which then underwent axial substitution with hydroquinone to form hydroquinone-substituted SubPcs (Hq-SubPcs). These Hq-SubPcs acted as nucleophiles and reacted with Cl-SubPcs to create symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimers. The synthesis involved reacting hydroquinone and the respective SubPcs in a 1:1 molar ratio in toluene at 180 °C in a pressure vessel. The resulting dimers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence, and mass spectral analysis. The study highlights the potential of these dimers for applications in optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced solubility and tailored absorption properties.
10.1002/chem.200800510
The research focuses on metal-free and PdII-promoted [2+3] cycloadditions of a cyclic nitrone to phthalonitriles, leading to the synthesis of oxadiazolines, phthalamide-PdII complexes, and dihydropyrrolyl-iminoisoindolinone-PdII complexes. These compounds were characterized using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI MS or FAB+ MS, elemental analyses, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The study also explores the high catalytic activity of these complexes in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The experiments involved heating mixtures of phthalonitriles and a cyclic nitrone in a sealed tube, and in some cases, the presence of palladium(II) chloride was used to facilitate the reaction. The reactants included various substituted phthalonitriles and a cyclic nitrone, while the analyses were employed to confirm the structures and properties of the synthesized compounds.
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