Multi-step reaction with 8 steps
1: 1.) dibutyltin oxide, 2.) tetrabutylammonium iodide / 1.) benzene, 20 h, reflux, 2.) benzene, 60 deg C, 7 h
2: 80 percent / sodium hydride / dimethylformamide / 22 h / Ambient temperature
3: 77.2 percent / 10percent palladium-on-carbon / ethanol; acetic acid; H2O / 48 h / 75 °C
4: 53.4 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 48 h / 70 °C
5: 95.9 percent / 0.1 M sodium methoxide / methanol / 2.5 h / Ambient temperature
6: p-toluenesulfonic acid / dimethylformamide / 48 h / Ambient temperature
7: 88 percent / mercuric cianide / benzene; nitromethane / 1.) 50 deg C, 3 h, 2.) 18 h, room temperature
8: 72.3 percent / 0.1 M sodium methoxide / methanol / Ambient temperature
With
sodium methylate; mercury(II) cyanide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; sodium hydride; di(n-butyl)tin oxide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid;
palladium on activated charcoal;
In
methanol; nitromethane; ethanol; water; acetic acid; 1,2-dichloro-ethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; benzene;
DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(84)85070-3