10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.021
The study presents the synthesis and characterization of a new class of fluorescent nucleosides with 2-aryl-3-hydroxychromone (3-HC) as base analogues. These nucleosides, specifically 1a and 1b, were designed to incorporate into DNA oligonucleotides for sensitive fluorescence-based detection and imaging. The synthesis involved key steps like aryl-aldol condensation, cycloetherification, Friedel-Crafts glycosylation, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The resulting nucleosides exhibited dual emission sensitivity to polarity changes, with 1a showing high sensitivity, making it promising for nucleic acid labeling and tracking environmental changes within DNA structures. The study provides a foundation for developing more advanced fluorescent probes for biological applications.
10.1021/ja3030388
The research focuses on the development of a novel nucleoside analogue, incorporating a 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) fluorophore as a mimic for nucleobases, designed to investigate DNA interactions. The study synthesized this nucleoside and incorporated it into oligonucleotide chains, demonstrating its exceptional environmental sensitivity, switching between two distinct fluorescence bands without altering the duplex conformation of DNA. The experiments involved synthesizing the phosphoramidite of the nucleoside and labeled oligonucleotides (ODNs), assessing their thermodynamic stability through thermal denaturation studies, and examining their secondary structure using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The UV absorbance and fluorescence properties of the labeled ODNs were characterized in both single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) states, revealing the dye's fluorescence quantum yield and its sensitivity to the polarity of the environment. The study also explored the photostability of the nucleoside and its ODNs, and validated its application as a probe for sensing biomolecular interactions by studying the interaction with the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC). The reactants included the 3HC dye, various ODN sequences, and the NC protein, with analyses utilizing UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CD spectroscopy to characterize the photophysical properties and environmental sensitivity of the new nucleoside analogue in DNA contexts.