Structure of Chloric acid, sodiumsalt (1:1) (CAS NO.7775-09-9):

IUPAC Name: sodium chlorate 
Empirical Formula: ClNaO₃
Molecular Weight: 106.441 
EINECS: 231-887-4 
Density: 2.49
Melting point: 248-261 ºC
Water solubility: 1000 g/L (20 ºC) 
Stability: Stable. Mixtures of this material with organic fibrous or absorbent material and with a variety of other materials are potentially explosive. A full MSDS sheet must be consulted before use. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, organic materials, alcohols. 
Product Categories: Inorganics;Essential Chemicals;Reagent Plus;Routine Reagents;InorganicsAnalytical Reagents for General Use;Herbicides;Pesticides&Metabolites;Puriss p.a.;Q-S, Puriss p.a.;ACS GradeSynthetic Reagents;Inorganic Salts 
Synonyms of Chloric acid, sodiumsalt (1:1) (CAS NO.7775-09-9): Agrosan ; Asex ; Atlacide ; Chlorate de sodium ;
 Chlorsaure ; De-Fol-Ate ; Drexel defol ; Grain sorghum harvest-aid ; Natrium chloraat ; Sodium chlorate ; Travex ; 
 Tumbleaf 
Canonical SMILES: [O-]Cl(=O)=O.[Na+]
InChI: InChI=1S/ClHO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M

 Chloric acid, sodiumsalt (1:1) (CAS NO.7775-09-9) is used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption.

Sodium chlorate(7775-09-9) is manufactured by the electrolysis of saturated, acidulated brine mixed with sodium dichromate to reduce the corrosive action of the hypochlorous acid present (Fig. 1).
 The brine solution is made from soft water or condensate from the evaporator and rock salt purified of calcium and magnesium. The rectangular steel cell is filled with either the brine solution or a recovered salt solution, made from recovered salt-containing chlorate, dissolved in condensate from the evaporator. Electrodes are graphite and steel for small cells, graphite and graphite for larger cells. The temperature of the cell is maintained at 40 °C by cooling water.
 The electrolysis step produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the cathode and chlorine (Cl₂) at the anode, and mixing occurs with the formation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) that is oxidized to chlorate.
        2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ + Cl₂                
        Cl₂ + 2NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H₂O
          3NaOCl → NaClO₃ + 2NaCl
 The cell liquor is pumped to tanks where itis heated with steam to 90 °C
to destroy any hypochlorite present and the required amount of barium chloride is introduced to precipitate any chromate present.
 The graphite mud from the electrodes and the barium chromate settle to the bottom of the tank and the clear liquor is pumped through a filter to the evaporator storage tanks. The liquor In the storage tank is neutralized with soda ash and evaporated, after which the liquor is allowed to settle to remove the sodium chloride, The settled liquid is filtered and cooled and the crystals of sodium chlorate that drop out are separated and dried
 Potassium chloride can be electrolyzed for the direct production of potassium chlorate, but, because sodium chlorate is so much more soluble, the production of the sodium salt is generally preferred. Potassium chlorate may be obtained from the sodium chlorate by a metathesis reaction with potassium chloride.


FIGURE 1 Manufacture of sodium chlorate.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Hazard Codes: O,Xn,N
Risk Statements: 9-22-51/53 
R9:Explosive when mixed with combustible material. 
R22:Harmful if swallowed. 
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Safety Statements: 13-17-46-61 
S13:Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. 
S17:Keep away from combustible material. 
S46:If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. 
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: UN 1495 5.1/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: FO0525000
HazardClass: 5.1
PackingGroup: II
Human poison by unspecified routes. Moderately toxic experimentally by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: blood hemolysis with or without anemia, methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobinemia and pulmonary changes. Mutation data reported. A skin, mucous membrane, and eye irritant. Damages the red blood cells of humans when ingested.
A powerful oxidizer. It can explode on contact with flame or sparks (static discharge) and has caused many industrial explosions. May react explosively with agricultural materials (e.g., peat, powdered sulfur, sawdust, urotropine, thiuram), alkenes + potassium osmate, aluminum + rubber, ammonium salts, grease, leather, powdered metals, nonmetals, sulfides, cyanides, cyanoborane oligomer, nitrobenzene, organic matter, paint + polyethylene, phosphorus, sodium phosphinate. Violent reaction or ignition with aluminum, ammonium sulfate, Sb₂S₃, arsenic, arsenic trioxide, 1,3-bis(trichloromethylbenzene) + heat, carbon, charcoal, MnO₂, phosphorus, potassium cyanide, osmium + heat, paper, sulfuric acid, thiocyanates, triethylene glycol + wood, wood, zinc. Can also react violently with nitrobenzene, paper, metal sulfides, dibasic organic acids, organic matter. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl⁻ and Na₂O. See also CHLORATES.

DOT Classification:  5.1; Label: Oxidizer