Some sex hormones (e.g., estrogens, progestins, and androgens) have carcinogenic potential. They may also have teratogenic as well as reproductive effects. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone. They have pronounced anabolic properties and relatively weak androgenic properties. They are used clinically to promote growth and repair of body tissues in senility, debilitating illness, and convalescence. They are much abused by athletes and can cause serious systemic effects. See also specific entries.