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Basic Information
CAS No.: 107-02-8
Name: Acrolein
Article Data: 799
Molecular Structure:
Molecular Structure of 107-02-8 (Acrolein)
Formula: C3H4O
Molecular Weight: 56.0642
Synonyms: Propenaldehyde;2-Propen-1-one;2-Propenal;Acrylaldehyde;Acrylic aldehyde;Acraldehyde;
EINECS: 203-453-4
Density: 0.795 g/cm3
Melting Point: -87 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 52.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: -2 °F
Solubility: Soluble in water: 21.25 g/100 mL
Appearance: colourless to slightly yellow liquid
Hazard Symbols: FlammableF,VeryT+,DangerousN,ToxicT
Risk Codes: 11-24/25-26-34-50
Safety: 23-26-28-36/37/39-45-61
Transport Information: UN 1092 6.1/PG 1
PSA: 17.07000
LogP: 0.37130
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    Acrolein CAS:107-02-8 Specification Name Acrolein CAS 107-02-8 Density 0.8±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 52.8±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg Melting Point −87 °C(lit.)

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Chemistry

Molecular structure of Acrolein (CAS NO.107-02-8) is:

Product Name: Acrolein
CAS Registry Number: 107-02-8
IUPAC Name: prop-2-enal
Molecular Weight: 56.06326 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula: C3H4
EINECS: 203-453-4
Melting Point: -87 °C(lit.)
Surface Tension: 20.1 dyne/cm
Density: 0.795 g/cm3
Flash Point: -2 °F
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 29.6 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 52.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 261 mmHg at 25°C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.403(lit.)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Water Solubility: Soluble. 21.25 g/100 mL
Stability: Stable, but very readily polymerizes.  
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Intermediates;Miscellaneous;Biocide

Uses

 Acrolein (CAS NO.107-02-8) is used in the preparation of Propylene Glycol, polyester resin, polyurethane, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and Glycerol. It tends to polymerize when left at room temperature, leaving a gummy yellowish residue with a putrid odor. It is also thought to be an intermediate in the Skraup synthesis of quinolines, but is rarely used because of its instability.It is also used as a contact herbicide to control submersed and floating weeds, as well as algae, in irrigation canals.It is sometimes used as a fixative in preparation of biological specimens for electron microscopy.It was used as a chemical weapon during World War I,because of it's severe pulmonary irritant and lachrymatory agent.

Production

The first commercial process for manufacturing Acrolein was based on the vaporphase condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde.
      HCH=O+CH3CH=O → CH2=CHCHO+H2O
Catalyst developments led to a vapor-phase processes for the production of Acrolein in which propylene was the starting material.
       CH3CH=CH2 + [O] → CH2=CHCHO + H2O
The catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of propylene is generally carried out in a fixed-bed multitube reactor at near atmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures (ca 350 °C); molten salt is used for temperature control. Air is commonly used as the oxygen source and steam is added to suppress the formation of flammable gas mixtures. Operation can be single pass or a recycle stream may be employed.
The reactor effluent gases are cooled to condense and separate the acrolein from unreacted propylene, oxygen, and other low-boiling compo-nents (predominantly nitrogen). This is commonly accomplished in two absorption steps where aqueous acrylic acid (CH2=CHCO2H) is con-densed from the reaction effluent and absorbed in a water-based stream and Acrolein is condensed and absorbed in water to separate it from the propylene, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon oxides. Acrylic acid may be recovered from the aqueous product stream if desired. Subsequent distillation refining steps separate water and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) from the crude acrolein. In another distillation column, refined acrolein is recovered as an azeotrope with water. The principal side reactions produce acrylic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, and a variety of other aldehydes and acids are also formed in small amounts.

Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LCLo inhalation 1570mg/m3/2H (1570mg/m3)   Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.
cat LDLo intravenous 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 8, Pg. 275, 1952.
child TCLo inhalation 300ppb/2H (0.3ppm) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY OBSTRUCTION

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Nouvelle Presse Medicale. Vol. 8, Pg. 2469, 1979.
guinea pig LCLo inhalation 24mg/m3/6H (24mg/m3) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: EMPHYSEMA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 913, 1956.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 178ug/kg (0.178mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 43, Pg. 351, 1900.
hamster LCLo inhalation 1000ppm/10M (1000ppm) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS
Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 19, Pg. 367, 1977.
human LCLo inhalation 5500ppb (5.5ppm)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 73, 1969.
human LCLo inhalation 153ppm/10M (153ppm)   National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB214-270,
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 unreported 45mg/kg (45mg/kg)   "Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1971Vol. -, Pg. 111, 1971.
mammal (species unspecified) LDLo oral 10mg/kg (10mg/kg)   American Journal of Hygiene. Vol. 29, Pg. 32, 1939.
man TCLo inhalation 1ppm (1ppm) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 913, 1956.
mouse LC50 inhalation 66ppm/6H (66ppm)   Internationales Archiv fuer Arbeitsmedizin. Vol. 26, Pg. 281, 1970.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 9008ug/kg (9.008mg/kg)   National Cancer Institute Screening Program Data Summary, Developmental Therapeutics Program. Vol. JAN1986,
mouse LD50 oral 13900ug/kg (13.9mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533812,
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 30mg/kg (30mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC

LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.
rabbit LCLo inhalation 24mg/m3/6H (24mg/m3) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: EMPHYSEMA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 913, 1956.
rabbit LD50 oral 7mg/kg (7mg/kg)   Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 1, 1966.
rabbit LD50 skin 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 6/18/1971,
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 250mg/kg (250mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 43, Pg. 351, 1900.
rat LC50 inhalation 18mg/m3/4H (18mg/m3)   Current Toxicology. Vol. 1, Pg. 47, 1993.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 4mg/kg (4mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 71, Pg. 84, 1983.
rat LD50 oral 26mg/kg (26mg/kg)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(10), Pg. 4, 1993.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC

LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.


 

Safety Profile

 Acrolein (CAS NO.107-02-8) is a severe pulmonary irritant and lachrymatory agent. Skin exposure to acrolein causes serious damage. Acrolein concentrations of 2 ppm are immediately harmful. It is not a suspected human carcinogen; no studies proved carcinogenic effects of acrolein on humans, but studies on rats have shown an increase in cancerous tumors from ingestion, but not from inhalation.  In October 2006, researchers found connections between Acrolein in the smoke from TOBACCO cigarettes and the risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, it is a toxic metabolite of Cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent, and results in hemorrhagic cystitis .
Hazard Codes: F; T+,T;  N
Risk Statements: 11-24/25-26-34-50
11:  Highly Flammable 
24/25:  Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed 
26:  Very Toxic by inhalation 
34:  Causes burns 
50:  Very Toxic to aquatic organisms
Safety Statements:  23-26-28-36/37/39-45-61
23:  Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) 
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36/37/39:  Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection
45:  In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) 
61:  Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet
RIDADR UN 1092 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: AS1050000
F: 8-9
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: I

Specification

 Acrolein , its cas register number is 107-02-8. It also can be called 2-Propen-1-one ; 2-Propenal ; Acrylaldehyde ; Acrylic aldehyde ; Acraldehyde ; Propenaldehyde .It is a colourless to slightly yellow liquid.It is highly flammable. It reacts slowly and exothermically with water to give 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. At room temperature, Acrolein (CAS NO.107-02-8) is a liquid with volatility and flammability somewhat similar to those of acetone, but, unlike acetone, its solubility in water is limited. Commercially, it is always stored with hydroquinone and acetic acid as inhibitors.