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| CAS No.: | 1404-26-8 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Polymyxin B |
| Molecular Structure: | |
 |
|
| Formula: | C55H96N16O13 |
| Molecular Weight: | 1015.41 |
| Synonyms: | polymyxin B 2.5sulfate entahydrate;Polymyxin B (base and/or unspecified salts) |
| EINECS: | 215-768-4 |
| Density: | g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point: | 1651 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 952.3 °C |
| Safety: | Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: diarrhea, nausea; by intramuscular route: paresthesia, ataxia. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. |
| PSA: | 490.66000 |
| LogP: | 1.73180 |
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Chemistry
Chemistry informtion about Polymyxin B (CAS NO.1404-26-8) is:
IUPAC Name: 4-Amino-2-[[2-[(4-Amino-2-Formamidobutanoyl)Amino]-4-Hydroxybutanoyl]Amino]-N-[4,13,16-Tris(2-Aminoethyl)-7-Benzyl-19-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-10-(2-Methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-Heptaoxo-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-Heptazacyclotricos-1-Yl]Butanamide; Sulfuric Acid
Synonyms: Polymyxin B ; Polymyxin-B 2,5-Sulfate ; Polymyxin B Sulfate ; Polymyxin B Sulfate, Bacillus Polymyxa ; Polymyxin B Sulfate Salt ; Polymyxin B Sulphate ; Polymyxin B (Pmb) ; Polymixin B Sulfate
Product Categories: Interferes with Cell Membrane Permeability (Ionophores)Spectrum of Activity ; PeptidesCell Signaling and Neuroscience ; Protein Kinase InhibitorsMore...Close... ; Antibacterial ; Antibiotics ; Antibiotics A to ; Antibiotics by Application ; Antibiotics N-SAntibiotics ; Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive AntibioticsAntibiotics ; Chemical Structure Class ; Kinase/Phosphatase Biology ; L - ZAntibiotics ; Mechanism of Action ; Peptides ; beta-Lactam StructureAntibiotics ; PeptidesAlphabetic ; POLB - POLYMore...Close... ; Chemical Structure ; P ; AntibioticsAntibiotics ; Cell Culture ; PeptidesMore...Close... ; Reagents and Supplements
MF: C56H100N16O17S
MW: 1301.56
EINECS: 215-774-7
Flash Point: 952.3 °C
Boiling Point: 1651 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 272.45 kJ/mol
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Merck: 13,7656
Following is the molecular structure of Polymyxin B (CAS NO.1404-26-8) is:
Uses
Polymyxin B (CAS NO.1404-26-8) is an antibiotic primarily used for resistant gram negative infections. It bind to the cell membrane and alter its structure making it more permeable. The resulting water uptake leads to cell death. They are cationic, basic proteins that act like detergents(surfactants}. Side effects include neurotoxicity and acute renal tubular necrosis. It is commonly used in the topical first aid preparation Neosporin. Family of polypeptides with attached fatty acid; cationic detergent at physiological pH, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties .Bactericidal for gram-negative; little to no effect on gram-positive since cell wall is too thick to permit access to membrane. In addition to its antibiotic function, it has been used to clear endotoxin contamination in reagents.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| human | TDLo | intramuscular | 3mg/kg/D (3mg/kg) | peripheral nerve and sensation: paresthesis behavioral: ataxia | "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 488, 1969. |
| human | TDLo | oral | 8570mg/kg (8570mg/kg) | gastrointestinal: "hypermotility, diarrhea" gastrointestinal: nausea or vomiting | "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 488, 1969. |
| mouse | LD50 | intramuscular | 61400ug/kg (61.4mg/kg) | behavioral: somnolence (general depressed activity) lungs, thorax, or respiration: other changes behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | Antibiotiki. Vol. 21, Pg. 846, 1976. |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 3980ug/kg (3.98mg/kg) | behavioral: somnolence (general depressed activity) behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold lungs, thorax, or respiration: other changes | Antibiotiki. Vol. 21, Pg. 846, 1976. |
| mouse | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 13mg/kg (13mg/kg) | behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold behavioral: muscle weakness lungs, thorax, or respiration: other changes | Lancet. Vol. 254, Pg. 127, 1948. |
| rat | LD50 | intramuscular | 13300ug/kg (13.3mg/kg) | behavioral: somnolence (general depressed activity) lungs, thorax, or respiration: other changes behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | Antibiotiki. Vol. 21, Pg. 846, 1976. |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | vascular: regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 10, Pg. 215, 1955. |
Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: diarrhea, nausea; by intramuscular route: paresthesia, ataxia. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Hazard Codes:
Xn
Risk Statements:
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
Safety Statements:
S22:Do not breathe dust.
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
RIDADR: 3249
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: TR1150000
F:
F 3 Hygroscopic.
F 8 Photosensitive.
F 10 Keep under argon.
HazardClass: 6.1(b)
PackingGroup: III
Specification
Alters cytoplasmic membrane permeability by binding to a negatively charged site in the lipopolysaccharide layer which has an electrostatic attraction for the positively charged amino groups in the cyclic peptide portion (this site normally is a binding site for calcium);Fatty acid portion dissolves in hydrophobic region of membrane and disrupts membrane integrity;Leakage of cellular molecules, inhibition of cellular respiration;Binds and inactivates endotoxin;Relative absence of selective toxicity: nonspecific for cell membranes of any type, highly toxic.