CAS No.1910-42-5,Paraquat dichloride Suppliers,MSDS download

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Basic Information

Molecular Structure:
CAS No.:	1910-42-5
Name:	Paraquat dichloride
Article Data:	36

Formula:	C₁₂H₁₄Cl₂N₂
Molecular Weight:	257.163
Synonyms:	1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridiniumdichloride (6CI,7CI);1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dichloride;AH 501;AH 501 (herbicide);Cekuquat;Cyclone Max;Dimethylviologen chloride;Galokson;Gramixel;Gramoxone;Gramoxone D;Gramoxone Max;Gramoxone S;N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride;OK 622;4,4'-Bipyridinium,1,1'-dimethyl-, chloride (1:2);
EINECS:	217-615-7
Density:	1.25
Melting Point:	> 300 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point:	175oC
Solubility:	soluble in water
Appearance:	off-white powder
Hazard Symbols:	T+,N
Risk Codes:	24/25-26-36/37/38-48/25-50/53
Safety:	22-28-36/37/39-45-60-61-28A
Transport Information:	UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
PSA:	7.76000
LogP:	-4.98940

Synthetic route

: 1983-60-4
methyl vilogen diiodide

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With silver(I) chloride In water	95%
With Amberlite IRA-400

: 553-26-4
4,4'-bipyridine

: 79-11-8
chloroacetic acid

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 140℃; for 24h;	94%
at 140℃; for 4h;	2.43 g

: 553-26-4
4,4'-bipyridine

: 74-88-4
methyl iodide

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 12h;	92.3%

: 553-26-4
4,4'-bipyridine

: 77-78-1
dimethyl sulfate

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

: 553-26-4
4,4'-bipyridine

: 74-87-3
methylene chloride

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water at 130℃; for 8h;
at 20℃; for 1h;

: 26985-31-9
methyl viologen cation radical

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With ruthenium(III) In water Rate constant;
With water; titanium(IV) oxide; isopropyl alcohol Equilibrium constant; Irradiation;

: 1910-42-5, 79028-21-0
methyl viologen radical cation chloride

: 98-95-3
nitrobenzene

A: 98-95-3, 12169-65-2
nitrobenzene radical anion

B: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With isopropyl alcohol In water at 23℃; Equilibrium constant; Mechanism; Rate constant; Irradiation; pulse radiolytic study, effect of pH;

...Expand

: 45709-30-6
4-cyano-1-methylpyridinium chloride

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; titanium(IV) oxide In ethanol Irradiation;

: cucurbit[7]uril methylviologen dichloride 1:1 inclusion complex

A: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

B: 259886-50-5
cucurbituril

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Tris buffer; sodium chloride In water at 25℃; pH=7.2; Equilibrium constant; Further Variations:; Reagents;

: 553-26-4
4,4'-bipyridine

: 1910-42-5
paraquat dichloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 71 percent / dimethylformamide / 1.) in an ice bath, 1 h, 2.) RT, 24 h 2: Amberlite IRA-400 View Scheme

Raw Materials

74-87-3

77-78-1

1983-60-4

98-95-3

74-88-4

553-26-4

1910-42-5

Downstream Products

1910-42-5

100-52-7

553-26-4

645-49-8

15591-62-5

98-95-3

67-64-1

464-72-2

Total:113 Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Next>>

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Chemistry

The Molecular Structure of Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5):

Empirical Formula: C₁₂H₁₄Cl₂N₂
Molecular Weight: 257.159
IUPAC Name: 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium dichloride
Appearance: off-white powder
Nominal Mass: 256 Da
Average Mass: 257.159 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 256.053404 Da
log P (octanol-water): -2.710 (none) EST
Water Solubility: 7.00E+05 mg/L at 20°C
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 2.12E-11 cm³/molecule-sec at 25°C
Storage temp: 0-6°C
Water Solubility: soluble
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents
InChI
InChI=1/C12H14N2.2ClH/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12;;/h3-10H,1-2H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
Smiles
c1(c2cc[n+](C)cc2)cc[n+](C)cc1.[ClH-].[ClH-]
Synonyms: Dimethyldipyridyl chloride ; Efoxon ; Dextrone x(r) ; 'lgc' (1622) ; Gramoxone ; Gramoxone(r) ; Herbaxon ; Arial gramoxone(r)
Product Categories: HERBICIDE;Functional Materials;Photochromic Compounds;Pyridinium Compounds;Viologens (Photochromic, Related Compounds);PA - PENPesticides&Metabolites;500 Series Drinking Water Methods;Alpha sort;EPA;Herbicides;Method 549Pesticides&Metabolites;N-PAlphabetic;P;Quaternary amonium salts

History

Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5) was first produced for commercial purposes in 1961 by Syngenta,and is today among the most commonly used herbicides. The European Union allowed paraquat in 2004. Sweden, supported by Austria, Denmark, and Finland, brought the European Union commission to court. On 11 July 2007 the court annulled the directive authorising Paraquat as an active plant protection substance.

Uses

Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5) is used as a quaternary ammonium herbicide, it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5) is also often used in science to catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5) will under go redox cycling in vivo, being reduced by an electron donor such NADPH, before being oxidized by an electron receptor such as dioxygen to produce superoxide, a major ROS.

Production

Methyl viologen (CAS NO.1910-42-5) is coupled with sodium in anhydrous ammonia to give 4,4'-bipyridine, which is then methylated with chloromethane to give the desired compound PARAQUAT:

Toxicity Data With Reference

1.	mmo-omi 20 ppm	MUREAV Mutation Research. 138 (1984),39.
2.	orl-rat LD50:150 mg/kg	FMCHA2 Farm Chemicals Handbook .(Meister Publishing,Willoughy, OH.: )1983,C118.
3.	orl-man LDLo:171 mg/kg:PUL,GIT	JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. 26 (1988),35.
4.	orl-man LDLo:1690 mg/kg:PUL,GIT	JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. 26 (1988),35.
5.	orl-man LDLo:343 mg/kg :GIT,SYS	JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. 26 (1988),35.
6.	orl-rat LD50: 100 mg/kg	IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. 10 (1979),520.
7.	ipr-rat LD50:14,800 µg/kg	VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 22 (1980),395.
8.	orl-mus LD50:120 mg/kg	GEPHDP General Pharmacology. 14 (1983),541.
9.	orl-gpg LD50:40 mg/kg	GEPHDP General Pharmacology. 14 (1983),541.

Consensus Reports

EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. Human systemic effects: changes in structure or function of esophagus, diarrhea, edema, fibrosis of lung, fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis), hemorrhage, jaundice, renal damage, renal function tests depressed, respiratory depression, ulceration or bleeding from stomach, vomiting. Death from anoxia may result. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x. See also PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE. Pure paraquat ingested is highly toxic to mammals and humans potentially leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and there are no specific antidotes. Even a single swig, immediately spat out, can cause death from fibrous tissue developing in the lungs leading to asphyxiation.
Hazard Codes: Very T+ Dangerous N
Risk Statements: 24/25-26-36/37/38-48/25-50/53
R24/25: Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed
R26: Very toxic by inhalation
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
R48/25: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed
R50/53: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Safety Statements: 22-28-36/37/39-45-60-61-28A
S22: Do not breathe dust
S28: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S60: This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste
S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets
S28: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds
RIDADR: UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: DW2275000
HazardClass: 6.1(a)
PackingGroup: II

Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: Respirable Dust: TWA 0.1 mg/m³ (skin)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.1 mg/m³

Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Paraquat 5003.