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123-05-7

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123-05-7 Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 123-05-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. clear liquid
2. Ethyl hexaldehyde is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 123-05-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 2-Ethylhexanal is used as an intermediate for chemical synthesis?and in the production of pharmaceuticals and odorous substances.
2. 2-Ethylhexanal may be used as an analytical standard for the determination of the analyte in the atmosphere of charcoal plants by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection. It may also be used as an internal standard for the determination of the analyte from wood pellets(6) by chromatography-based techniques.
3. Organic synthesis, perfumes.

Definition

ChEBI: A fatty aldehyde that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group. It is a metabolite of the plasticisers di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA).

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77, p. 359, 1955 DOI: 10.1021/ja01607a036Synthesis, p. 767, 1976 DOI: 10.1055/s-1976-24198

General Description

White liquid with a mild odor. Floats on water.

Air & Water Reactions

Spontaneously flammable in air. [Steele and Dugan, Chem. Eng. 66:160(1960)]. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

2-ETHYLHEXANAL are aldehydes. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation.

Hazard

Ignites in air.

Health Hazard

Inhalation may be irritating to mucous membrane; overexposure may cause dizziness and collapse. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Fire Hazard

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation and skin contact. An eye and severe skin irritant. See also ALDEHYDES. Dangerous fire hazard; spontaneously flammable in air. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical, water spray, mist, fog. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid and irritating fumes.

Potential Exposure

It is used as a solvent extraction chemical; in organic synthesis; perfume formulation, disinfectant

Shipping

UN1191 Octyl aldehydes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction with oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids; caustics, ammonia, amines. May ignite spontaneously when spilled on clothing or other absorbent materials. May form unstable peroxides on contact with air; under certain conditions ignites spontaneously with air.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 123-05-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,2 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 123-05:
(5*1)+(4*2)+(3*3)+(2*0)+(1*5)=27
27 % 10 = 7
So 123-05-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8H16O/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-9/h7-8H,3-6H2,1-2H3/t8-/m1/s1

123-05-7 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
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  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (B23471)  2-Ethylhexanal, 97%   

  • 123-05-7

  • 50g

  • 339.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (B23471)  2-Ethylhexanal, 97%   

  • 123-05-7

  • 250g

  • 692.0CNY

  • Detail

123-05-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 10, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 10, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 2-ethylhexanal

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 2-Ethylhexanal

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Food additives -> Flavoring Agents
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:123-05-7 SDS

123-05-7Synthetic route

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 65℃; for 4.5h; Catalytic behavior; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction;96%
With (NH4)4[CuMo6O18(OH)6]·5H2O; oxygen; sodium sulfite In water; acetonitrile at 60℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h;95%
With hydrogenchloride; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; sodium nitrite In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 16h; in air;94%
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen at 20 - 110℃; under 14997.7 Torr; Pressure; Temperature;99.45%
With methanol; palladium Hydrogenation;
With nickel at 50℃; Hydrogenation;
1,2-Dihydroxy-2-ethylhexan
20667-04-3

1,2-Dihydroxy-2-ethylhexan

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid at 20 - 100℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;90%
With sulfuric acid at 100℃; Schlenk technique;90%
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst under 7500.75 Torr;A 80.1%
B 19.9%
With methanol; nickel boride; diborane for 0.5h; Ambient temperature;A 51.2%
B 40.9%
With Pd0078Co5790B42.02; hydrogen In ethanol at 99.84℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave;
With hydrogen; palladium In ethanol at 99.84℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave;
With butan-1-ol at 180℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide anschliessenden Hydrieren an Nickel unter Druck;
With potassium hydroxide; palladium on activated charcoal Hydrogenation;
With hydrogen; silica gel; palladium at 150℃;
butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

acetone
67-64-1

acetone

A

n-pentyl methyl ketone
110-43-0

n-pentyl methyl ketone

B

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

D

4-methyl-2-pentanone
108-10-1

4-methyl-2-pentanone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; hydrogen; 1% Pd/C In water at 100 - 125℃; under 15001.5 - 16274.9 Torr; for 0.133333 - 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux;A 11.16%
B 0%
C 0%
D 0.51%
With sodium hydroxide; hydrogen; palladium on carbon at 100℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; 0.5% Pd/C; caustic solution at 90℃; under 18751.9 Torr; Pro-PAK; Product distribution / selectivity;
Stage #1: butyraldehyde; acetone With hydrogen; 0.5% Pd/C; caustic solution at 125℃; under 12751.3 Torr; Pro-PAK;
Stage #2: 0.1 % Pd/C; caustic solution at 125℃; under 12751.3 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;
(E)-1-(hex-1-enyl)-2,2,6-trimethylpiperidine
1116651-53-6

(E)-1-(hex-1-enyl)-2,2,6-trimethylpiperidine

ethyl iodide
75-03-6

ethyl iodide

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: (E)-1-(hex-1-enyl)-2,2,6-trimethylpiperidine; ethyl iodide In acetonitrile at 65℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With water; sodium acetate; acetic acid In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere;
71%
cyclohexanone
108-94-1

cyclohexanone

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-butylcyclohexanone
1126-18-7

2-butylcyclohexanone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 0.2% palladium on titania; hydrogen at 140℃; under 26252.6 Torr; for 6.66667h; Autoclave;A 14 %Chromat.
B 55 %Chromat.
ethyl iodide
75-03-6

ethyl iodide

tert-butyl(hex-1-en-1-yl)isopropylamine
724775-68-2

tert-butyl(hex-1-en-1-yl)isopropylamine

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In [D3]acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h;100%
In [D3]acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h;100%
cyclohexanone
108-94-1

cyclohexanone

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-butylcyclohexanone
1126-18-7

2-butylcyclohexanone

C

2-Buthylidenecyclohexanone
7153-14-2

2-Buthylidenecyclohexanone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 140℃; under 26252.6 Torr; for 6.66667h; Autoclave;A 6 %Chromat.
B 52 %Chromat.
C 12 %Chromat.
cyclohexanone
108-94-1

cyclohexanone

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-butylcyclohexanone
1126-18-7

2-butylcyclohexanone

C

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Pd (0.2% by weight) on aluminum oxide; hydrogen at 140℃; under 26252.6 Torr; for 6.66667h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave;A 16 %Chromat.
B 55 %Chromat.
C 18 %Chromat.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
149-57-5

2-Ethylhexanoic acid

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; 2,2-dimethylpropanoic anhydride; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran at 80℃; under 22501.8 Torr; for 24h;23 % Spectr.
Stage #1: 2-Ethylhexanoic acid With 2,6-dimethylpyridine; (1,2-dimethoxyethane)dichloronickel(II); 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; zinc; dimethyl dicarbonate In ethyl acetate for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry;
Stage #2: With diphenylsilane In ethyl acetate at 60℃; for 16h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry;
cyclohexanone
108-94-1

cyclohexanone

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-butylcyclohexanone
1126-18-7

2-butylcyclohexanone

C

2-Buthylidenecyclohexanone
7153-14-2

2-Buthylidenecyclohexanone

D

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 140℃; under 26252.6 Torr; for 6.66667h; Autoclave;A 8 %Chromat.
B 14 %Chromat.
C 14 %Chromat.
D 7 %Chromat.
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol
50639-00-4

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With butan-1-ol at 150℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether
10143-60-9

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 5% palladium on Al2O3; hydrogen at 150℃; under 30003 Torr; for 6h; Autoclave;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol
50639-00-4

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With butan-1-ol at 180℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexanoic acid
149-57-5

2-Ethylhexanoic acid

C

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
5309-52-4

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With butan-1-ol at 150℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether
10143-60-9

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen at 150℃; under 30003 Torr; for 6h;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

2-Ethylhexanoic acid
149-57-5

2-Ethylhexanoic acid

D

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
5309-52-4

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With butan-1-ol at 150℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 4h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexanoic acid
149-57-5

2-Ethylhexanoic acid

C

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol
50639-00-4

2‐ethylhex‐2‐en‐1‐ol

D

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid
5309-52-4

2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With butan-1-ol at 150℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether
10143-60-9

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether

D

2-ethyl-1,1-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)hexane
35082-20-3

2-ethyl-1,1-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)hexane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 135℃; under 30003 Torr; for 6h;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether
10143-60-9

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether

D

2-ethyl-2-hexenyl 2-ethylhexyl ether

2-ethyl-2-hexenyl 2-ethylhexyl ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 150℃; under 30003 Torr; for 12h;
2-ethylhexanoic acid chloride
760-67-8

2-ethylhexanoic acid chloride

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tri-n-butyl-tin hydride; triphenylphosphine; indium(III) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h; Reduction;A 42%
B 11%
pentanal
110-62-3

pentanal

1,6-hexanediol
629-11-8

1,6-hexanediol

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2,9-diethyl-decanedial
52387-47-0

2,9-diethyl-decanedial

C

C10H20O2

C10H20O2

D

C10H18O2

C10H18O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium phosphate; dodecane; 5%-palladium/activated carbon In toluene at 145℃; for 20h; Sealed tube;
4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-one
141-79-7

4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-one

2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

n-pentyl methyl ketone
110-43-0

n-pentyl methyl ketone

B

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

C

4-methyl-2-pentanone
108-10-1

4-methyl-2-pentanone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen at 100℃; under 4500.45 Torr; Inert atmosphere;
2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
104-76-7

2-Ethylhexyl alcohol

C

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether
10143-60-9

bis(2-ethylhexyl)ether

D

2-ethyl-1,1-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)hexane
35082-20-3

2-ethyl-1,1-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)hexane

E

2-ethyl-2-hexenyl 2-ethylhexyl ether

2-ethyl-2-hexenyl 2-ethylhexyl ether

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen at 150℃; under 30003 Torr; for 6h; Pressure;
propene
187737-37-7

propene

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

C

isobutyraldehyde
78-84-2

isobutyraldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphino)rhodium(I) impregnated on hydrotalcite with Mg/Al molar ratio 2.0 In toluene at 50 - 150℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; catalyst system of magnesium to aluminum molar ratio 1.5 In toluene at 50 - 175℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; catalyst system of magnesium to aluminum molar ratio 3.5 In toluene at 50 - 150℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphino)rhodium(I) impregnated on hydrotalcite with Mg/Al molar ratio 3.5 In toluene at 50 - 150℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity;
propene
187737-37-7

propene

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-methyl-propan-1-ol
78-83-1

2-methyl-propan-1-ol

C

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; metal complex hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) with magnesium-aluminum mixed oxides (Mg/Al=2.0), impregnated In toluene at 50 - 150℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity; Autoclave;
With hydrogen; hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphino)rhodium(I) impregnated on hydrotalcite with Mg/Al molar ratio 2.0 In toluene at 300℃; for 13h; Product distribution / selectivity;
butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

butan-1-ol
71-36-3

butan-1-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 0.5% Pd/Ti02 at 290℃;
butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

A

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

B

2-ethylhexenal
645-62-5

2-ethylhexenal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 0.1% Pd/Ti02; hydrogen at 290℃;
pyrrolidine
123-75-1

pyrrolidine

cycl-isopropylidene malonate
2033-24-1

cycl-isopropylidene malonate

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

5-(2-Ethyl-1-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hexyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione
93498-12-5

5-(2-Ethyl-1-pyrrolidin-1-yl-hexyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether for 0.166667h;100%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

trans-(1R,2R)-6-nitro-1-aminoindan-2-ol
505083-08-9

trans-(1R,2R)-6-nitro-1-aminoindan-2-ol

(1R,2R)-1-((R)-2-ethylhexylidenamino)-6-nitroindan-2-ol

(1R,2R)-1-((R)-2-ethylhexylidenamino)-6-nitroindan-2-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: d,l-2-ethylhexanal; trans-(1R,2R)-6-nitro-1-aminoindan-2-ol In methanol at 23℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: In methanol for 12h; Further stages.;
100%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

t-butoxycarbonylhydrazine
870-46-2

t-butoxycarbonylhydrazine

C13H26N2O2

C13H26N2O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In hexane for 2h; Reflux;100%
In hexane for 2h; Reflux;100%
In hexane for 2h; Reflux;100%
In hexane for 2h; Reflux;100%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

tert-butylhydrazine
32064-67-8

tert-butylhydrazine

C13H26N2O2

C13H26N2O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In hexane for 2h; Reflux;100%
octanol
111-87-5

octanol

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

1-(2-ethylhexyloxy)octane

1-(2-ethylhexyloxy)octane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2.5% wt Pd/C; hydrogen at 160℃; for 3h; Catalytic behavior; Dean-Stark; chemoselective reaction;100%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

2-Ethylhexanoic acid
149-57-5

2-Ethylhexanoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper acetylacetonate; oxygen; sodium hydroxide; 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene In water at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h; Sealed tube;99%
With C43H56IO4P; potassium acetate; caesium carbonate at 35℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Cooling;99.1%
With oxygen; copper(II) acetate monohydrate; cobalt(II) diacetate tetrahydrate In water at 40℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h;94%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

α,α-diphenyl-3,5-dimethoxysalicyl alcohol
1044217-94-8

α,α-diphenyl-3,5-dimethoxysalicyl alcohol

C29H34O4
1132766-40-5

C29H34O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 140℃; for 8.5h; Inert atmosphere;99%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

C42H36O6
1132766-37-0

C42H36O6

C29H34O4
1132766-40-5

C29H34O4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In para-xylene at 140℃; for 8.5h; Inert atmosphere;99%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

dimethyl sulfate
77-78-1

dimethyl sulfate

trimethylsilylacetylene
1066-54-2

trimethylsilylacetylene

(4-ethyl-3-methoxyoct-1-ynyl)trimethylsilane
1200697-26-2

(4-ethyl-3-methoxyoct-1-ynyl)trimethylsilane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: trimethylsilylacetylene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: d,l-2-ethylhexanal In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #3: dimethyl sulfate In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;
99%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

ethylene glycol
107-21-1

ethylene glycol

2-(heptan-3-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
4359-47-1

2-(heptan-3-yl)-1,3-dioxolane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium chloride for 2h; Dean-Stark; Reflux; Green chemistry;98%
With cation exchanger Unter Entfernen des entstehenden Wassers.;
With Eosin Y In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 12h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; chemoselective reaction;95 %Chromat.
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

acetylene
74-86-2

acetylene

3-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol
5877-42-9

3-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: d,l-2-ethylhexanal; acetylene With ammonia; potassium methanolate In methanol; water at 34 - 38℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 0.508333h;
Stage #2: With carbon dioxide; water at 75℃; Product distribution / selectivity;
97%
for 48 - 120h; Product distribution / selectivity;89.5%
With methanol; potassium hydroxide; Dimethoxymethane
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene
1514-82-5

2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene

5-Ethyl-1,1,1-trifluoronon-2-yn-4-ol

5-Ethyl-1,1,1-trifluoronon-2-yn-4-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; cyclohexane 1.) -78 deg C, 10 min, 2.) -78 deg C, 1 h;96%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide
7449-74-3

N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide

(E)/(Z)-2-Ethyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-hexene
71504-20-6

(E)/(Z)-2-Ethyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-hexene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 15 - 20℃;96%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

trifluoroacetic acid
76-05-1

trifluoroacetic acid

tert-butyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
144222-22-0

tert-butyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

C-[1-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methylamine; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid

C-[1-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methylamine; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multistep reaction;96%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

allyl bromide
106-95-6

allyl bromide

5-Ethyl-non-1-en-4-ol
77383-05-2

5-Ethyl-non-1-en-4-ol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lead(II) bromide; aluminium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 2h; Ambient temperature;95%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

1-Decanol
112-30-1

1-Decanol

(Z)-1-((2-ethylhex-1-en-1-yl)oxy)decane

(Z)-1-((2-ethylhex-1-en-1-yl)oxy)decane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 200℃; for 4h; Dean-Stark; Reflux;95%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

9,10-Dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-anthracene-1,4-dione
17648-03-2

9,10-Dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-anthracene-1,4-dione

2-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,4-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione

2-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,4-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With piperidine; acetic acid In isopropyl alcohol at 75 - 80℃; Large scale;94.6%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate
7425-14-1

2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0); 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-ylidene In toluene at 23 - 60℃; Tishchenko reaction; Inert atmosphere;94%
With trimethylaluminum; benzene-1,2-diol; isopropyl alcohol In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;86%
With magnesium aluminium-alcoholate
With aluminum isopropoxide
1-bromo-butane
109-65-9

1-bromo-butane

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

α-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)malonitrile
128302-78-3

α-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)malonitrile

N-n-butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-ethylheptanamide

N-n-butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-ethylheptanamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether at -25℃; for 2h;94%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

tert-butyldimethylsilyl N-phenylbenzimidate
404392-70-7

tert-butyldimethylsilyl N-phenylbenzimidate

tert-butyl-(2-ethyl-hex-1-enyloxy)-dimethyl-silane

tert-butyl-(2-ethyl-hex-1-enyloxy)-dimethyl-silane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃;94%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

l-cysteine hydrochloride
52-89-1

l-cysteine hydrochloride

(2RS,4R)-2-(1-ethyl-pentyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

(2RS,4R)-2-(1-ethyl-pentyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water92%
With ethanol; potassium acetate
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

C32H46O7PPol

C32H46O7PPol

ethyl (Z)-4-ethyl-2-octenoate
169397-39-1

ethyl (Z)-4-ethyl-2-octenoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C32H46O7PPol With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; sodium iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination; Inert atmosphere; solid phase reaction;
Stage #2: d,l-2-ethylhexanal In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination; Inert atmosphere; solid phase reaction; optical yield given as %de; stereoselective reaction;
92%
triethylene glucol monomethyl ether
112-35-6

triethylene glucol monomethyl ether

d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

12-(heptan-3-yl)-2,5,8,11,13,16,19,22-octaoxatricosane

12-(heptan-3-yl)-2,5,8,11,13,16,19,22-octaoxatricosane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: triethylene glucol monomethyl ether; d,l-2-ethylhexanal for 1.5h; Large scale;
Stage #2: With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 28.5h; Large scale;
92%
d,l-2-ethylhexanal
123-05-7

d,l-2-ethylhexanal

ethyl 2-diphenylphosphono-3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate
663155-32-6

ethyl 2-diphenylphosphono-3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate

ethyl (E)-4-ethyl-2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)oct-2-enoate
680195-74-8

ethyl (E)-4-ethyl-2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)oct-2-enoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: ethyl 2-diphenylphosphono-3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #2: d,l-2-ethylhexanal In tetrahydrofuran at -60 - 20℃; for 14.5h; Ando-Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction;
91%
With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination; stereoselective reaction;

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The interfacial activity, hydrophile—lipophile balance and solubility in the aqueous phase of 2-ethylhexanal oxime were considered and used to discuss the mechanism of copper extraction from chloride solutions. It was demonstrated that complexation can occur both in the bulk of the aqueous phas...detailed

Efficient direct synthesis of 2-ETHYLHEXANAL (cas 123-05-7) from n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen using palladium modified base catalysts09/06/2019

One-step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanal (2EH) from n-butyraldehyde and hydrogen gas has been studied over palladium modified base catalysts at 1 atm and 130–200°C by using a fixed-bed, integral-flow reactor. The catalysts were characterized with various techniques: AA, XRD, BET, FT-IR and TPD of ...detailed

Kinetics of nickel(II) extraction by 2-ETHYLHEXANAL (cas 123-05-7) oxime in ammonium nitrate solutions09/05/2019

Kinetics of nickel(II) extraction by 2-ethylhexanal oxime (EHO) has been investigated in a homothetic cell (Rushton cell) from ammonium solutions. The kinetic study was carried out with a stirring speed fast enough to eliminate the diffusion limitation. The chemical regime can then be assumed an...detailed

123-05-7Relevant articles and documents

SELECTIVE TRIMERIZATION OF ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES CATALYZED BY POLYNUCLEAR CARBONYLFERRATES

Ito, Keiji,Kamiyama, Nobuhiro,Nakanishi, Saburo,Otsuji, Yoshio

, p. 657 - 660 (1983)

Aliphatic aldehydes undergo a catalytic trimerization to give 1,3-diol monoesters upon treatment with Fe3(CO)12 in pyridine or with Fe3(CO)12-pyridine N-oxide in benzene.Polynuclear carbonylferrates serve as catalyst for this transformation.

Vapor-phase aldolization of n-butyraldehyde to 2-ethyl-2-hexenal over solid-base catalysts

Zhu, Wei-De,Ko, An-Nan

, p. 1237 - 1242 (2000)

Vapor-phase aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde to 2-ethyl-2-hexenal was studied at 1 atm and 150~ 300°C in a fixed-bed, integral-flow reactor by using NaX, KX, γ-Al2O3 and Na/NaOH/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Ion exchange of NaX zeolite with potassium acetate solution results in a decrease of crystallinity and apparent lowering of surface area, whereas the basic strength is enhanced. Treatment of γ-Al2O3 with NaOH and Na causes a large decrease of the surface area but strong enhancement of the catalyst basicity. The catalytic activity on the basis of unit surface area is in the order Na/NaOH/γ-Al2O3 > KXU > KXW > NaX>γ-Al2O3, in accordance with the relative catalyst basic strength. The molar ratio of trimeric to dimeric products increases with increasing the reaction temperature and the catalyst basic strength except for Na/NaOH/γ-Al2O3. Very high selectivity of 2-ethyl-2-hexenal (>98.5%) was observed for reactions over NaX zeolite at 150°C. Based on the FT-IR and the catalytic results, the reaction paths are proposed as follows: self-aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by dehydration produces 2-ethyl-2-hexenal, which then reacts with n-butyraldehyde and successively dehydrates to 2,4-diethyl-2,4-octadienal and 1,3,5-triethylbenzene. For the reaction over NaX, the calculated Arrhenius frequency factor and activation energy are 314 mol/g-h and 32.6 kJ/mol, respectively.

Iron/ABNO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Atmosphere

Wang, Lianyue,Shang, SenSen,Li, Guosong,Ren, Lanhui,Lv, Ying,Gao, Shuang

, p. 2189 - 2193 (2016)

We report a new Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-N-oxyl catalyst system that enables efficient aerobic oxidation of a broad range of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones at room temperature with ambient air as the oxidant. The catalyst system exhibits excellent activity and selectivity for primary aliphatic alcohol oxidation. This procedure can also be scaled up. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that C-H bond cleavage is the rate-determining step and that cationic species are involved in the reaction.

Enamines from terminal epoxides and hindered lithium amides

Hodgson, David M.,Bray, Christopher D.,Kindon, Nicholas D.

, p. 6870 - 6871 (2004)

A new reactivity mode of lithium amides with epoxides leads to hindered enamines. The reaction of some of these enamines with unactivated primary and secondary alkyl halides is described, which expands the range of electrophiles that one can use in the synthesis of mono-alkylated aldehydes. Copyright

-

Curphey,T.J.,Chao-yu Hung,J.

, p. 510 (1967)

-

Synthesis of renewable plasticizer alcohols by formal anti-Markovnikov hydration of terminal branched chain alkenes via a borane-free oxidation/reduction sequence

Harvey, Benjamin G.,Meylemans, Heather A.,Quintana, Roxanne L.

, p. 2450 - 2456 (2012)

An efficient method for the formal anti-Markovnikov hydration of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes has been developed. The utility of the process has been demonstrated by conversion of bio-derived butene oligomers into primary alcohols through initial oxidation to vicinal acetoxy-alcohols, diols, or diacetates, followed by selective dehydration/tautomerization of the diols, and hydrogenation of the intermediary aldehydes. This approach allows for the isolation of important industrial plasticizer alcohols from a renewable source. In a broader context, this pathway, which can be conducted with sustainable, conventional reagents under mild conditions, represents a unique alternative to hydroboration for a challenging subset of hindered olefins.

Oxidation of Primary Alcohols over Hydrous Zirconium(IV) Oxide

Kuno, Hideyuki,Shibagaki, Makoto,Takahashi, Kyoko,Matsushita, Hajime

, p. 312 - 314 (1991)

The oxidation of primary alcohols with quinone or benzophenone was carried out by catalysis with hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide in both batch and flow reaction systems.As a result, it was elucidated that a lot of primary alcohols can be efficiently oxidized over hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide.

Environmentally friendly approach to α-acyloxy carboxamides: Via a chemoenzymatic cascade

Paprocki, Daniel,Koszelewski, Dominik,Zad?o, Anna,Walde, Peter,Ostaszewski, Ryszard

, p. 68231 - 68237 (2016)

A new, green route for the synthesis of α-acyloxy carboxamides from an alcohol, a carboxylic acid and an isocyanide was developed. The reaction comprises the aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde, catalyzed by the Trametes versicolor laccase/TEMPO system, followed by a one pot Passerini reaction in an aqueous surfactant medium. The influence of different types of surfactants on the reaction efficiency was investigated. The best results were obtained by employing dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), a known vesicle-forming cationic surfactant. Importantly, apart from the metalloenzyme used, the described procedure toward α-acyloxy carboxamides is metal-free and does not require hazardous organic solvents, what makes it environmentally friendly.

Effects of carboxylic acid adsorbates on CO adsorption and crotonaldehyde hydrogenation over Cu/Al2O3 catalyst

Rochester,Bailie,Richardson,Abdullah,Hutchings,Anderson

, p. 3925 - 3932 (2000)

A study was performed to determine how the adsorption of carboxylic acids (formic or acetic acid) would influence the surface character of alumina-supported Cu catalysts. IR spectra of adsorbed CO were used to probe the effect of the carboxylic acids on exposed Cu sites. The hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde was used as a test-reaction for catalytic behavior since it showed that surface modification of oxide-supported Cu catalysts with heterocyclic dopants may result in enhancements in selectivity to crotyl alcohol. Formic acid adsorption on reduced Cu0 sites generated adsorbed bidentate formate which blocked CO adsorption at many sites, induced cationic character at the remaining available sites, and partially poisoned hydrogenation reactions. Modification of the surface poisoned C=O hydrogenation more than C=C hydrogenation and promoted butanal as the main hydrogenation product. Desorption of formate by ″flashing″ at high temperature led to a partly reconstructed surface which yielded higher catalytic activities than an unmodified surface before formic acid treatment. The effects of acetic acid adsorption were similar to those for formic acid except that attempts at desorption of the modifier led to carbonaceous residues which partially poisoned CO adsorption and catalytic activity.

Oxidation of alcohol by lipopathic Cr(VI): A mechanistic study

Patel, Sabita,Mishra

, p. 6759 - 6766 (2006)

The oxidation kinetics of various aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols having varied hydrocarbon chain length were studied using cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate (CTADC) in dichloromethane (DCM) in the presence of acetic acid and in the presence of a cationic surfactant. The rate of the reaction is highly sensitive to the change in [CTADC], [alcohol], [acid], [surfactant], polarity of the solvents, and reaction temperature. A Michaelis-Menten type kinetics was observed with respect to substrate. The chemical nature of the intermediate and the reaction mechanism were proposed on the basis of (i) observed rate constant dependencies on the reactants, that is, fractional order with respect to alcohol and acid and a negative order with respect to oxidant, (ii) high negative entropy change, (iii) inverse solvent kinetic isotope effect, k(H 2O)/k(D2O) = 0.76, (iv) low primary kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD = 2.81, and (v) the kobs dependencies on solvent polarity parameters. The observed experimental data suggested the self-aggregation of CTADC giving rise to a reverse micellar system akin to an enzymatic environment, and the proposed mechanism involves the following: (i) formation of a complex between alcohol and the protonated dichromate in a rapid equilibrium, equilibrium constant K = 5.13 (±0.07) dm3 mol-1, and (ii) rate determining decomposition (k 2 = (7.6 ± 0.7) × 10-3 s-1) of the ester intermediate to the corresponding carbonyl compound. The effect of [surfactant] on the rate constant and the correlation of solvent parameters with the rate constants support the contribution of hydrophobic environment to the reaction mechanism.

A Kinetic Study of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Oxidation by Dichromate Using Clay-Supported 1-Butyl 4-aza-1-azonia Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chloride as the Phase-Transfer Catalyst

Ghiaci,Kalbasi,Sedaghat

, p. 936 - 938 (2003)

Selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes is a long-standing problem of organic chemistry (Bueler, C. A.; Pearson, D. E. Survey of Organic Synthesis; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1977; Vol. 2, p 480; House, H. O. Modern Synthetic Reactions, 2nd. ed.; W. A. Benjamin: Menlo Park, California, 1972; p 257; Epstein, W. W.; Sweet, F. W. Chem. Rev. 1967, 67, 247; Landini, D. ; Montanari, F.; Rolla, F. Synthesis 1979, 134). The use of potassium dichromate as a synthetically useful oxidizing agent is reported for the oxidation of an industrially important lipophilic alcohol, employing modified clay as the phase-transfer catalyst. The phase-transfer catalysis results in nearly complete oxidation of the 2-ethylhexanol in 40 min at room temperature, with high selectivity to the 2-ethylhexanal, compared to 48 h in its absence. Kinetic studies show the reaction occurs via transfer of Cr2O 72- into the organic phase. The emphasis will be on simplicity of the condition as a preparative organic method, selectivity with regard to over-oxidation, efficiency, and mildness of conditions.

Preparation and catalytic performance of NiO-MnO2/Nb2O5-TiO2 for one-step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol from n-butyraldehyde

An, Hualiang,Li, Sibo,Wang, Yanji,Zhang, Jiaxun,Zhao, Xinqiang

, (2020/12/02)

One-pot synthesis of 2-ethylhexanol(2EHO) from n-butyraldehyde is of commercialimportance. The promotion of 2EHO selectivity requires suppressing direct hydrogenation of n-butyraldehyde. In this work, a series of NiO-MOx/Nb2O5-TiO2 catalysts were prepared and utilized by means of reduction-in-reaction technique, aiming at delaying the formation of metal sites and suppressing the direct hydrogenation. NiO-MnO2/Nb2O5-TiO2 with a Ni/Mn mass ratio of 10 and NiO-MnO2 loading of 14.3 wt% shows the best catalytic performance; 2-EHO selectivity could reach 90.0% at a complete conversion of n-butyraldehyde. Furthermore the catalyst could be used for four times without a substantial change in its catalytic performance.

Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters

An, Jichao,He, Pan,Li, Wenhao,Liu, Peipei,Si, Mengyuan,Yang, Bo,Yang, Guanyu

, p. 6612 - 6616 (2020/09/21)

To pursue a sustainable and efficient approach for aliphatic nitroester preparation from alcohol, europium-triflate-catalyzed nitration, which directly uses commercial nitric acid, has been successfully developed. Gram scalability with operational ease showed its practicability.

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