10025-73-7

Basic information

• Product Name: Chromium(III) chloride
• Synonyms: Trichlorochromium;C.I. 77295;Chromic chloride;Chromic chloride (CrCl3);Chromic trichloride;Chromiumtrichloride;Chromium trichloride (CrCl3);Chromium(3+) chloride
• CAS NO: 10025-73-7
• Molecular Formula: Cl₃Cr
• Molecular Weight: 158.35
• EINECS: 233-038-3
• Mol File: 10025-73-7.mol
• Article Data: 15

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 1152℃
• Boiling Point: 1300 °C
• Appearance: Purple shiny fluffy powder or flakes
• Density: 2.87 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• CAS DataBase Reference: Chromium(III) chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Chromium(III) chloride(10025-73-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Chromium(III) chloride(10025-73-7)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn:Harmful
• Statements: R22:Harmful if swallowed.; R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
• Safety Statements: S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
• Hazardous Substances Data: 10025-73-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

Chromium(III) chloride, also known as chromic chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula CrCl3. It is a greenish-black solid that is highly soluble in water, and it is used in various industrial processes, such as the production of dyes, pigments, and catalysts. In its solid form, chromium(III) chloride is used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis reactions. It also has uses in the tanning of leather, the production of metal finishes, and as a corrosion inhibitor. However, it is important to handle chromium(III) chloride with care, as it is a toxic substance that can cause skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory issues if inhaled. Additionally, it is harmful to the environment and can persist in the ecosystem, so proper disposal and handling procedures should be followed.

InChI:InChI=1/2ClH.Cr.2O/h2*1H;;;/q;;+2;;/p-2/rCl2CrO2/c1-3(2,4)5

Synthetic route

chlorine (7782-50-5) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With ferrochromium byproducts: FeCl3; chlorination at 900°C in molten mixture of BaCl2 and CaCl2; FeCl3 distilled, then product leached with water;	85.9%
With ferrochromium 350 - 650°C;
With ferrochromium byproducts: FeCl3; 300 - 600°C;
With water 500 - 1000°C, H2O-vapor contg. Cl2;;

25,26,27,28-tetrapropyloxycalix[4]arene (140862-52-8, 140924-91-0, 141902-33-2, 143444-60-4, 147782-22-7) + chromium(0) hexacarbonyl (199620-14-9, 13007-92-6) → cone-25,26,27,28-tetrapropoxycalix{4}arene-tricarbonylchromium (147513-93-7, 141804-99-1, 147513-91-5, 147513-94-8, 141847-59-8, 141847-60-1) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; dibutyl ether dissolution of ligand and Cr(CO)6 in a mixt. of butyl ether and THF, heating at 130°C for 24 h under N2, monitoring by IR; concn. under reduced pressure, addn. of hexane, column chromy., elution with n-hexane/CH2Cl2, column chromy., elution with benzene under N2, elem. anal.;	A 61% B n/a

chromium(III) chloride hydrate → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; substabce hehydration by refluxing with thionyl chloride at 70°C for 8 h, according to J. H. Free,an and M. L. Smith, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 7 (1958) 224;
With thionyl chloride In thionyl chloride refluxed for several hours; excess SOCl2 was distilled off; heated at 110°C at 1E-3 Torr for6 h;

chromium(III) sulphide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine chlorination at 700°C;
With chlorine at elevated temp.;;
With chlorine react. in a stream of Cl2 at beginning red heat; repeated crushing and chlorination;;

chromium(III) oxide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With disulfur dichloride; chlorine In neat (no solvent) passing gas mixt. (prepared by passing Cl2 into liq. S2Cl2) over heated Cr2O3 at temp. even below red heat;;	>99
With C3Cl6 In further solvent(s) react. in boiling hexachlorpropylene, 4h;;
With chlorine; pyrographite byproducts: CO2; 900°C;

chromium(III) oxide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + chromyl chloride (14977-61-8)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at red heat;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) violent react. of Cr2O3 in a stream of Cl2 with glowing; slower react. with a gas mixt. of Cl2/CO2;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) in the presence of organic compounds in an a.c. high voltage flame;;
With Cl2 at red heat;;
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) violent react. of Cr2O3 in a stream of Cl2 with glowing; slower react. with a gas mixt. of Cl2/CO2;;

chromium(III) oxide → chromium dichloride + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) react. of a slow stream of Cl2 with a red glowing mixt. of Cr2O3 and coal;;
With chlorine; pyrographite In neat (no solvent) react. of Cl2 with a red glowing mixt. of Cr2O3 and coal;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) in a stream of dry Cl2 at red heat;;

phosgene (75-44-5) + chromium(III) oxide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) passing stream of COCl2 over Cr2O3 at 600 °C;;

disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + chromium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) passing stream of Cl2 charged with S2Cl2 over starting material and heating below red heat;;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + chromium(III) oxide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) adding steam of CCl4 to Cr2O3 at 580 °C;;
In neat (no solvent) passing steam of CCl4 over Cr2O3 below red heat;;

chromium(III) oxide + phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8, 874483-75-7) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: POCl3; passing steam of PCl5 over hot Cr2O3;;

chromium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating starting material mixed with coal in a stream of Cl2;;

hexamminechromium(III) chloride → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: NH4Cl; thermal decompn. at 480 °C;;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: NH4Cl; thermal decompn. at 480 °C;;

chromium chloride hexahydrate → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In water addn. of NH4Cl to soln.; evapn. at temp. above 100 °C; heating in vac., in dry HCl or another gas not reacting with CrCl3 and free from water;;
With hydrogenchloride In neat (no solvent) CrCl3*6H2O heated in HCl/N2 stream at 700-900 K, sublimed in sealed silica tube at 1100 K;
In thionyl chloride stirring, warming (reflux, 2.5 h); evapn.;

potassium chromate → potassium chloride + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride byproducts: H2O, Cl2; react. of dild. HCl with K2CrO4 only under catalytic action of Ag salts;;
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride byproducts: H2O, Cl2; addn. of hot concd. HCl to K2CrO4; crystn. on cooling down;;

chromium (7440-47-3) + silver(I) chloride → silver (7440-22-4) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) AgCl-metal mixt. contg. 20% excess of metal ball milled in air for 20-60min; monitored by X-ray diffraction;

chromium (7440-47-3) + copper(l) chloride → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cu; heating (400°C, steel ampoule); X-ray diffraction;

chromium(II) sulfide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) heating;;
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) heating;;

chromium monophosphide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) heating with inflammation;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) byproducts: phosphorous chloride; heating;;
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) byproducts: phosphorous chloride; heating;;
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) heating with inflammation;;

dichlorotetraquochromium(III) chloride *2H2O → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With COCl2 In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; heating in closed tube at 190 °C, 34 h;; evapn. of COCl2;;
With tetrachloromethane In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O, COCl2; passing of a stream of CCl4 to the bottom of the Cr salt containing flask; gradually raising temp. up to 650 °C;;
With CCl4 In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O, COCl2; passing of a stream of CCl4 to the bottom of the Cr salt containing flask; gradually raising temp. up to 650 °C;;
With COCl2 In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; heating in closed tube at 190 °C, 34 h;; evapn. of COCl2;;

ammonium chromium(II) carbonate → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) in a stream of Cl2 at dark red heat;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) at dark red heat;;
With Cl2 In neat (no solvent) at dark red heat;;

chromium(VI) oxide → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In not given byproducts: Cl2, H2O; by HCl of < 20 % concn.;
With C3Cl6 In further solvent(s) boiling under reflux, 0.5 h;;
With phosphorus pentachloride byproducts: POCl3;
With HCl In not given byproducts: Cl2, H2O; by HCl of < 20 % concn.;

chromium(VI) oxide + phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8, 874483-75-7) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + chromyl chloride (14977-61-8) + trichlorophosphate (10025-87-3, 12599-09-6, 63736-95-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) react. with CrO3 forming CrO2Cl2 and POCl3, secondary react. forming CrCl3;;
In neat (no solvent) react. with CrO3 forming CrO2Cl2 and POCl3, secondary react. forming CrCl3;;

chromium (7440-47-3) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In diethyl ether passing of Cl2 into a suspension of Cr powder in diethylether at ambient temp., 6h;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) chlorination of Cr at 700 °C in a quartz tube; raising temp. at the end of the react. to 900 °C;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) chlorination of Cr at 800 °C in a quartz tube, great excess of Cl2;;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + chromium (7440-47-3) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In water 25°C, in 21 % HCl;
In further solvent(s) 0°C, in ethyl chloride, without forming H2;
In further solvent(s) 0°C, in ethyl chloride, without forming H2;
In water 25°C, in 21 % HCl;
With FeCl3 In not given byproducts: H2, FeCl2; pure electrolytic Cr;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + chromium (7440-47-3) → chromium dichloride + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In water formation of CrCl3 catalyzed by Si content of Cr;
In water formation of CrCl3 catalyzed by Si content of Cr;

chromium (7440-47-3) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
only over 80°C in moist Cl2; CrCl3 contains H2O;
In solid other Radiation; placing metal in evacuated flask; filling with reactive gas; introducing in microwave cavity; reacting; detn. by X-ray powder diffraction;
In neat (no solvent) direct chlorination in a flow system at about 950°C;

chromium (7440-47-3) + mercury dichloride → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
In water slow reaction;;

ferrochromium → chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon monoxide; chlorine byproducts: Fe2O3; above 600°C; CrCl3 contained 0.29 % Fe2O3;
With carbon monoxide; chlorine byproducts: Fe2O3; 500°C, 6 kg/h 61 % Cr and 8.4% contg. ferrochrome, 6 m^3/h Cl2 and 40 l/h CO feeding into a rotary furnace, product about 12 kg/h; product contained C and 0.34 % Fe2O3;

chromium (VI) oxide → chromium(VI) oxide + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; alkali chloride In hydrogenchloride byproducts: Cl2; react. of CrO2 with concd. HCl in the presence of alkali chloride;;
With HCl; alkali chloride In hydrogenchloride byproducts: Cl2; react. of CrO2 with concd. HCl in the presence of alkali chloride;;

8-quinolinol (148-24-3) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → mer-tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)chromium(III)

Conditions	Yield
With ammonia In water prepn. from aq. CrCl3 soln. and a soln. of 8-hydroxy-quinoline (in CH3CO2H, neutralized by dropwise addn. of NH4OH (slight pptn.), cleared by heating, satd. with CO2 after cooling, adjusted to pH 4-8 with aq. NH3, heated for 1.5 h with stirring;; pptn., filtering hot, washing with hot H2O and drying at 110 °C;;	100%
With NH3 In water prepn. from aq. CrCl3 soln. and a soln. of 8-hydroxy-quinoline (in CH3CO2H, neutralized by dropwise addn. of NH4OH (slight pptn.), cleared by heating, satd. with CO2 after cooling, adjusted to pH 4-8 with aq. NH3, heated for 1.5 h with stirring;; pptn., filtering hot, washing with hot H2O and drying at 110 °C;;	100%

methyl methylphenylphosphinate (6389-79-3) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → poly(chromium methylphenylphosphinate)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) byproducts: MeCl; slow heating in neat Ph(Me)P(O)OMe until complete pptn.; particle size and polymerization degree depending on heating rate;	100%

sodium peroxide + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + lanthanum(III) chloride (10099-58-8) → lanthanum chromate

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering;	99%

sodium peroxide + cerium chloride (7790-86-5) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → cerium chromite

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering;	99%

sodium peroxide + holmium(III) chloride (853560-92-6, 10138-62-2) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → holmium chromite

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering;	99%

sodium peroxide + gadolinium(III) chloride (10138-52-0) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → gadolinium orthochromite

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NaCl2, O2; 800°C (10 min); washing (H2O), filtering;	99%

1,1,1-tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)ethane (77609-83-7) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → fac-[1,1,1-tris((dimethylphosphino)methyl)ethane]chromium(III) chloride*methylene chloride (100243-99-0)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; toluene (N2); a soln. of organic compound in toluene added to a stirred suspn. of CrCl3 at -78°C; warmed to room temp.; stirred for 12 h; evapd.; washed with hexane; extracted with methylene chloride; concentrated; cooled to -20°C; decanted; elem. anal.;	99%

(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln.of n-BuLi in hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln.of n-BuLi in hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene]-1,2-phenylenediamine (1176887-54-9) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → (N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-benzyl-1,2-diamino)-chloro-tetrahydrofurano-chromium(III) (1176887-57-2)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with N,N'-bis(1-(1H-undol-7-yl)-methylidene)-benzyl-1,2-diamine and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln.of n-BuLi in hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene]-4,5-dimethyl-benzyl-1,2-diamine + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → (N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4,5-dimethyl-benzyl-1,2-diamino)-chloro-tetrahydrofurano-chromium(III) (1176887-59-4)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with N,N'-bis-(1-(1H-undol-7-yl)-methylidene)-4,5-dimethyl-benzyl-1,2-diamine and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln.of n-BuLi in hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-([1-[2-(2-chloro-phenyl)-1H-indol-7-yl]-methylidene]-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-([1-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-indolato-7-yl]-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-indol-7-yl)methylidene)amino)indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-([1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indolato-7-yl]-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-7-yl)methylidene)amino)indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2R)-N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene]-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → (1R,2R)-(N,N'-bis-[1-(1H-indolato-7-yl)-methylidene]-cyclohexan-1,2-diamino)-chloro-tetrahydrofurano-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2R)-N,N'-bis-(1-(1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln.of n-BuLi in hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(2-naphthalin-1-yl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(2-napht-1-yl-1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1S,2R)-cis-1-((1-(2-naphthalin-1-yl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(3,3-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-((1-(3,3-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-amino)-indan-2-olato chromium

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with 1-((1-(3,3-Me2-2,2-Ph2-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.;addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

(1R,2R)-N,N'-bis-[1-(2-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene]-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → (1R,2R)-N,N'-bis-[1-(2-methyl-1H-indolato-7-yl)-methylidene]-cyclohexane-1,2-diamino-chloro-tetrahydrofurano-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2R)-N,N'-bis-(1-(2-methyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.;addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

99%

chromium dichloride + diphenyl-phosphinic acid (1707-03-5) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + trimellitic Anhydride (552-30-7) → [Cr(OP(CH3)(C6H5)O)2(OOCC6H3C2O3)]x

Conditions	Yield
With trimethylamine In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: (CH3)3NHCl; N2-atmosphere; shaking CrCl3 with trace of CrCl2, refluxing with 2 equiv. of phosphinic acid and 2.5 equiv. NMe3 (1 h), cooling to room temp., addn. of 1 equiv. C9H4O5 and excess NMe3, refluxing (0.5 h); filtration, evapn. to dryness, drying (140°C, several days); elem. anal.;	98%

bathophenanthroline (1662-01-7) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → [(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2CrCl2]Cl (1242583-98-7)

Conditions	Yield
With Zn In ethanol solid anhyd. CrCl3 was added to a suspn. of phenanthroline-compound in abs. ethanol, a trace amount of zinc dust was added, the mixt. was heatedto reflux for 1 h; filtered, rotary evapd.;	98%

chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + toluene (108-88-3) → bis(toluene)chromium(0) (12087-58-0)

Conditions

Yield

With Al; AlCl3 In toluene refluxing mixt. of CrCl3, Al and AlCl3 in toluene for 8 h at 120-130°C with stirring, under purified Ar atmosphere; treating with THF; stirring for 15 h at room temp.; refluxing for 8 h at 80°C; mechanism discussed;; hot filtration; evapn. to dryness; treating residue with heptane; filtration; washing carefully with hot heptane; cooling to -78°C; drying in vac. at room temp.; sublimation at 80-90°C and 0.05 Torr; elem. anal.;;

97%

chromium dichloride + diphenyl-phosphinic acid (1707-03-5) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + ethanolamine (141-43-5) → [Cr(OP(C6H5)2O)2(NH2CH2CH2O)]x

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; shaking CrCl3 with trace of CrCl2, refluxing with 2 equiv. of phosphinic acid and 2.5 equiv. NEt3 (1 h), cooling to room temp., addn. of 1 equiv. of OHCH2CH2NH2 and excess NEt3, refluxing (1 h); filtration, evapn. to dryness, drying (200°C, 3 h); elem. anal.;	96%

(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → bis(tetrahydrofurano)-chloro-(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-1-((1-(2-phenyl-1H-indolato-7-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene)-amino)-indan-2-olato-chromium(III)

Conditions

Yield

With n-C4H9Li In tetrahydrofuran; hexane (Ar); charging of Schlenk flask with (1R,2R)-(-)-cis-(1-((1-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-7-yl)-methylidene)-amino)-indan-2-ol and THF; cooling to -80°C; addn. of soln. n-BuLi/hexane; warming of stirred mixt. to room temp.; addn. of CrCl3; stirring for 24 h; stripping off solvents and volatile materials in vac.; trituration with dry CH2Cl2; filtration through Celite; evapn. of filtrate; drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

96%

2-guanidinobenzimidazole (5418-95-1) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + zinc (7440-66-6) → [Cr(2-guanidinobenzimidazole)3]Cl3*4H2O + [Cr(2-guanidinobenzimidazole)3]Cl[ZnCl4]*MeOH

Conditions	Yield
In methanol CrCl3 and Zn powder stirred together in anhyd. MeOH, soln. of ligand added with stirring, heated at 40°C with stirring for 3 h; filtered, elem. anal.; second compd. isolated by slow evapn., elem. anal.;	A 95.2% B 2.4%

chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + benzophenone-sodium → chromium(0) hexacarbonyl (199620-14-9, 13007-92-6)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon monoxide In tetrahydrofuran addn. of CO (200 at) to soln. of benzophenone sodium and CrCl3 at 100 °C;;	95%

N-propargyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (950984-75-5) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → ((NC5H4CH2)2NCH2CCH)CrCl3 (959966-19-9)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol room temp., 1 h;	95%

4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[5.5.2]tetraadecane (160806-07-5) + water (7732-18-5) + chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) → dichloro(4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[5.5.2]tetradecane)chromium(III) chloride-water (1/2)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide inert atm.; 1:1 mixt. in DMF stirred at 50-60°C for 18 h, cooled; pptd. (Et2O), filtered off, washed (Et2O), dried (vac.), elem. anal.;	95%

chromium(III) chloride (10025-73-7) + magnesium (7439-95-4) → chromium (7440-47-3)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium chloride; sodium chloride byproducts: MgCl2; 12 kg CrCl3, 3.5 kg Mg, 17.6 kg KCl and 12.4 kg NaCl mixed then heated in electric furnace at 800°C; formed MgCl2 dissolved and filtrated, remainder washed with water twice then with dild. HNO3;	94.2%
With potassium chloride In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr;	75%
With KCl In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr;	75%

Upstream product

• 75-44-5 phosgene 
• 10025-67-9 disulfur dichloride 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 10026-13-8 phosphorus pentachloride 
• 13820-25-2 hexamminechromium(III) chloride 
• 7440-47-3 chromium 
• 12018-22-3 chromium(II) sulfide 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 14977-61-8 chromyl chloride 
• 7719-12-2 phosphorus trichloride 
• 2644-70-4 hydrazine hydrochloride 
• 10025-87-3 trichlorophosphate 

Downstream Products

• 86401-80-1 11β,16α,17α,21-tetrahydroxypregnane-1,4-diene-3,20-dione-21-acetate 
• 7440-47-3 chromium 
• 7446-09-5 sulfur dioxide 
• 7704-34-9 sulfur 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 7646-85-7 zinc(II) chloride 
• 14977-61-8 chromyl chloride 
• 10099-58-8 lanthanum(III) chloride 
• 7446-70-0 aluminium trichloride 
• 10170-68-0 trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)chromium(III) 
• 13820-25-2 hexamminechromium(III) chloride 
• 7788-97-8 chromium(III) fluoride 
• 14884-42-5 chromium pentafluoride 

Relevant articles and documents

Enthalpy of formation of chromium(III) chloride

Subjecting a chromium sample (mass fraction of impurities 2 x 10-4) to chlorination in a calorimetric bomb with a microfurance for sample heating made it possible to determine the standard molar change of energy at 298.15 K for the reaction: Cr(cubic) + 1.5Cl2(g) = CrCl3(hexagonal).The standard molar enthalpy of formation of CrCl3(hexagonal) at 298.15 K was calculated to be -(544.4 +/- 1.4) kJ.mol-1.Here and in the paper uncertainties are given for a 95 per cent confidence interval.)

An overview study of chlorination reactions applied to the primary extraction and recycling of metals and to the synthesis of new reagents

Energy intensive classical metallurgical processes, the depletion of high-grade ores and primary sources push the scientific and technical communities to treat lean and complex ores as well as secondary metal resources for the recovery of valuable metals.

The thermodynamic characteristics of sublimation of chromium trichloride

The sublimation of stoichiometric chromium trichloride was experimentally studied by the static method of vapor pressure measurements. The main reaction was found to be CrCl3(cr) = CrCl3(g). The enthalpy and entropy of this reaction

The mechanochemical reduction of AgCl with metals : RRRRevisiting an experiment of M. Faraday

Faraday induced the mechanochemical reduction of AgCl with Zn, Sn, Fe and Cu in 1820, using trituration in a mortar. This experiment is revisited, employing a mortar-and-pestle and a ball mill as mechanochemical reactors. The reaction kinetics depends both on the thermochemical properties and the hardness of the reactants. When using Zn as the reducing agent, Faraday likely observed a mechanically induced self-sustaining process (MSR), or at least he came very close to doing so.

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