100517-83-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Tributylphosphine, excellent organocatalyst for conjugate additions of non-nucleophilic N-containing compounds
Gimbert, Carolina,Moreno-Ma?as, Marcial,Pérez, Elisabet,Vallribera, Adelina
, p. 8305 - 8310 (2007)
Conjugate additions of non-nucleophilic N-containing compounds such as amides, thioamides, sulfonamides, and electron-poor anilines with different Michael acceptors can be promoted through the use of tributylphosphine. The range of useful pKa's of nucleophiles has been established (pKa25) and new insights into the mechanism proposed.
Addition of amines and phenols to acrylonitrile derivatives catalyzed by the POCOP-type pincer complex [{κP,κC, κP-2,6-(i-Pr2PO)2C6H 3}Ni(NCMe)][OSO2CF3]
Lefvre, Xavier,Durieux, Guillaume,Lesturgez, Stéphanie,Zargarian, Davit
experimental part, p. 1 - 7 (2011/03/23)
The pincer-type complex [{κP,κC, κP-2,6-(i-Pr2PO)2C6H 3}Ni(NCMe)][OSO2CF3] (1) can serve as a precatalyst for the regioselective, anti-Markovnikov addition of nucleophiles to activated olefins. The catalyzed additions of aliphatic amines to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and crotonitrile proceed at room temperature and give quantitative yields of products resulting from the formation of C-N bonds. On the other hand, aromatic amines or alcohols are completely inert toward methacrylonitrile and crotonitrile, and much less reactive toward acrylonitrile, requiring added base, heating, and extended reaction times to give good yields. The catalytic reactivities of 1 are thought to arise from the substitutional lability of the coordinated acetonitrile that allows competitive coordination of the nitrile moiety in the olefinic substrates; this binding enhances the electrophilicity of the CC moiety, rendering them more susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. In some cases, RCN → Ni binding results in double bond isomerization/migration (allyl cyanide) or attack of nucleophiles at the nitrile moiety (cinnamonitrile and 4-cyanostyrene). Reaction of morpholine with 1 at 60 °C led to formation of the amidine derivative 2 that has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
