1017481-31-0Relevant articles and documents
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Morpholines and Oxazepanes with Silicon Amine Protocol (SLAP) Reagents and Lewis Acid Facilitated Photoredox Catalysis
Jackl, Moritz K.,Legnani, Luca,Morandi, Bill,Bode, Jeffrey W.
, p. 4696 - 4699 (2017)
Photocatalytic coupling of aldehydes and silicon amine protocol (SLAP) reagents enables the simple, scalable synthesis of substituted morpholines, oxazepanes, thiomorpholines, and thiazepanes under continuous flow conditions. Key to the success of this process is the combination of an inexpensive organic photocatalyst (TPP) and a Lewis acid additive, which form an amine radical cation that is easily reduced to complete the catalytic cycle. Di- and trisubstituted SLAP reagents are formed in one step by an iron-catalyzed aminoetherification of olefins.
Expedient access to saturated nitrogen heterocycles by photoredox cyclization of imino-tethered dihydropyridines
Bissonnette, Noah B.,Ellis, J. Michael,Hamann, Lawrence G.,Romanov-Michailidis, Fedor
, p. 9591 - 9596 (2019/11/05)
A large proportion of medicinally relevant molecules bear nitrogen and sp3-hybridized carbon functionalities. Overwhelmingly, these atoms are found as part of (hetero)cyclic structures. Despite their importance, synthetic approaches to saturated nitrogen heterocycles are limited to several established stoichiometric alkylation techniques, as well as a few methods involving C-H bond activation. The synthetic community remains interested in more general, mild, and sustainable ways to access these motifs. Here we describe a dual-catalyst system composed of an iridium photocatalyst and a lithium phosphate base that is capable of selectively homolyzing the N-H bond of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines, presumably by proton-coupled-electron-transfer (PCET), and mediating efficient cyclization of the resultant carbon-centered radicals with tethered imines. The outcome of this transformation is access to a broad range of structurally complex nitrogen heterocycles obtainable from simple aldehyde starting materials in a highly chemoselective manner.
SnAP reagents for the synthesis of piperazines and morpholines
Luescher, Michael U.,Vo, Cam-Van T.,Bode, Jeffrey W.
, p. 1236 - 1239 (2014/03/21)
Substituted piperazines and morpholines are valuable structural motifs in biologically active compounds, but are not easily prepared by contemporary cross-coupling approaches. In this report, we introduce SnAP reagents for the transformation of aldehydes into N-unprotected piperazines and morpholines. This approach offers simple, mild conditions compatible with aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and glyoxylic aldehydes and provides mono- and disubstituted N-heterocycles in a single step.