104196-16-9

Basic information

• Product Name: (3R,3a,6R,6aS,10aS)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho[8a,1-b]furan-2(3H)-one
• Synonyms: (3R,3a,6R,6aS,10aS)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho[8a,1-b]furan-2(3H)-one
• CAS NO: 104196-16-9
• Molecular Weight: 234.338
• Mol File: 104196-16-9.mol
• Article Data: 5

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: (3R,3a,6R,6aS,10aS)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho[8a,1-b]furan-2(3H)-one(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: (3R,3a,6R,6aS,10aS)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho[8a,1-b]furan-2(3H)-one(104196-16-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: (3R,3a,6R,6aS,10aS)-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho[8a,1-b]furan-2(3H)-one(104196-16-9)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 104196-16-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 85031-59-0 dihydroartemisinic acid 
• 85031-59-0 dihydroartemisinic acid 
• 85031-60-3 4α-hydroperoxy-amorph-5-en-12-oic acid 
• 50906-56-4 (1R,5S,8R,9S,12R,14R)-8,12-dimethyl-4-methylidene-2,13-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.0.0^1,5.0^12,14]tetradecan-3-one 

Downstream Products

• 207446-90-0 (-)-arteannuin M 
• 63968-64-9 (+)-artemisinin 
• 141039-67-0 2-(2-(3-((2R)-methoxymethylcarbonylpropyl)-2-methoxymethyloxymethylene-(6R)-methylcyclohex-(1S)-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane 
• 141039-66-9 2-(2-(3-(3-hydroxy-(2R)-methylpropyl)-2-methoxymethoxymethylene-(6R)-methylcyclohex-(1S)-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane 
• 126189-95-5 (+)-deoxyartemisinin 
• 63968-64-9 C₁₂H₁₃O₂(CH₃)3(O)(OO) 

Relevant articles and documents

A continuous-flow process for the synthesis of artemisinin

Isolation of the most effective antimalarial drug, artemisinin, from the plant sweet wormwood, does not yield sufficient quantities to provide the more than 300 million treatments needed each year. The high prices for the drug are a consequence of the unreliable and often insufficient supply of artemisinin. Large quantities of ineffective fake drugs find a market in Africa. Semisynthesis of artemisinin from inactive biological precursors, either dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) or artemisinic acid, offers a potentially attractive route to increase artemisinin production. Conversion of the plant waste product, DHAA, into artemisinin requires use of photochemically generated singlet oxygen at large scale. We met this challenge by developing a one-pot photochemical continuous-flow process for the semisynthesis of artemisinin from DHAA that yields 65 % product. Careful optimization resulted in a process characterized by short residence times. A method to extract DHAA from the mother liquor accumulated during commercial artemisinin extractions, a material that is currently discarded as waste, is also reported. The synthetic continuous-flow process described here is an effective means to supplement the limited availability of artemisinin and ensure increased supplies of the drug for those in need. Copyright

The mechanism of the spontaneous autoxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid

Dihydroartemisinic acid undergoes slow spontaneous autoxidation to artemisinin and other natural products, which have been reported from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua. The mechanism of this complex transformation is shown to involve four steps: (i) initial reaction of the Δ4.5-double bond of dihydroartemisinic acid with molecular oxygen, (ii) Hock cleavage of the resulting tertiary allylic hydroperoxide; (iii) oxygenation of the enol product from Hock cleavage; and (iv) cyclization of the resulting vicinal hydroperoxyl-aldehyde to the 1,2,4-trioxane system of artemisinin.

On the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisinin

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