104488-71-3

Upstream product

• 109-77-3 malononitrile 
• 91-22-5 quinoline 
• 78581-33-6 Bis(1,3-dimethylimidazolinium-2-yl)ether-bis(trifluormethansulfonat) 
• 104488-69-9 4-(Dicyanmethyl)-1-(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinyliden)-1,4-dihydrochinolinium-trifluormethansulfonat 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Ring Opening of N-(Tetraalkylamidinio)pyridinium Salts by Anions of CH-Acidic Methylene Compounds

N-Carbeniopyridinium salts 2, 4, 14, and 18 offer three sites to nucleophilic attack; depending on the reactants, all three modes have been realized.With anions of CH-acidic methylene compounds, α-attack at the pyridinium ring followed by ring opening leads to azahexamethine merocyanines (8, 15, 23).In some cases, kinetically controlled reactions yield 1,4-dihydropyridines which isomerize thermally to give 1,2-dihydropyridines which undergo ring opening spontaneously.Also, nucleophilic attack at the cationic substituent of the N-carbeniopyridinium salts is possible as is indicated by the formation of push-pull olefins 11, 16 and of enol ether 12.