104865-46-5Relevant articles and documents
RADICAL ADDITION TO THE CARBONYL CARBON OF KETONES PROMOTED BY AQUEOS TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE IN ACIDIC MEDIUM. ONE STEP SYNTHESIS OF PINACOLS AND LACTONES.
Clerici, Angelo,Porta, Ombretta,Zago, Pasquale
, p. 561 - 572 (2007/10/02)
Carbon centered radical 1, generated by reduction of methyl phenylglyoxalate with Ti(III) ion, adds to the carbonyl carbon of ketones 2 to afford pinacols 3.Yields of 3 are remarkably influenced by the structure of 2, in that the reaction is very sensitive to steric factors.Many other functional groups present in 2 do not interfere with carbonyl addition, but lactonization of 3 occurs when the additional groups are COOH, COOC2H5, and OH.Alkyl radical addition to ketones is a reversible process, but the rapid reduction of the resulting alkoxy radical 8 by Ti(III) ion makes the whole process practically irreversible and accounts for pinacol formation.