1055-26-1Relevant articles and documents
Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Alkynes with Concomitant Aromatic Ring Expansion: A Concise Approach to (Pseudo)azulenes
Zhou, Fulin,Shi, Weiming,Liao, Xingrong,Yang, Yudong,Yu, Zhi-Xiang,You, Jingsong
, p. 676 - 686 (2022/01/15)
The construction of (pseudo)azulenes represents an appealing yet challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Herein, we disclose a palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation technique of alkynes with concomitant aromatic ring expansion driven by a diboron reagent and iodide, affording a concise approach to azulenes (7-fused-5 bicycle) and pseudoazulenes (6-fused-5 bicycle). Compared with the documented synthetic strategies, the route to (pseudo)azulenes developed herein is applicable for both homo- and cross-annulation processes and exhibits a broad substrate scope. It is worth noting that this transformation is not only suitable for the ring expansion of the phenyl moiety to afford azulenes but also applicable to the ring expansion of the electron-rich five-membered heterocycles to deliver pseudoazulenes. Experimental and computational investigations on the mechanism support the formal trans-palladium-boration across the alkyne, cis-addition of the alkyne, dearomative spiroannulation, and aromatic ring expansion process.
The reaction of (η5-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyliron(2-thienoyl) with acetylenes; a mechanistic study using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and application in synthesis
Butler, Ian R.
, p. 1979 - 1987 (2007/10/02)
The thermal reaction of dicarbonyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl(2-thienoyl)iron with a series of substituted acetylenes to give indenones and cyclopentathiophenones have been reinvestigated.The results obtained support a reaction mechanism involving initial acetylene insertion followed by that of carbon monoxide, in contradiction to the previously reported results.The reaction products were identified and characterized primarily using 2D 1H nmr spectroscopy.
GENERATION OF AZULENE RADICAL CATION FROM ARYLALKYNES
Cooksey, Christopher J.,Courtneidge, John L.,Davies, Alwyn G.,Gregory, Peter S.,Evans, Jeffrey C.,Rowlands, Christopher C.
, p. 807 - 814 (2007/10/02)
If a diarylalkyne 4-XC6H4CCR (R=Ph, 4-MeC6H4, or 4-ButC6H4) or 1-phenylpropyne in trifluoroacatic acid containing mercury(II) trifluoroacetate is irradiated with u.v. light filtered through Pyrex glass, the e.s.r. spectrum of the corresponding azulene can be obsreved.The azulenes have been isolated and converted back into their radical cations by irradiation in trifluoroacetic acid, or in dichloromethane containing (4-BrC6H4)3N+. or (2,4-Br2C6H3)3N+..Possible mechanisms by which the azulenes are formed the alkynes are discussed.