Xi:Irritant;
106-29-6Relevant articles and documents
Covalently immobilized lipase catalyzing high-yielding optimized geranyl butyrate synthesis in a batch and fluidized bed reactor
Damnjanovic, Jasmina J.,Zuza, Milena G.,Savanovic, Jova K.,Bezbradica, Dejan I.,Mijin, Dusan Z.,Boskovic-Vragolovic, Nevenka,Knezevic-Jugovic, Zorica D.
, p. 50 - 59 (2012)
Three commercially available polymers (Sepabeads EC-EP, Sepabeads EC-HA and Purolite A-109) were tested for potential application as supports for covalent immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa by analyzing some critical properties of immobilized enzymes such as enzyme loading, activity and activity immobilization yield. Among them, lipase covalently immobilized on Sepabeads EC-EP via epoxy groups appeared to show the best performance in a standard hydrolytic reaction. Therefore, it was selected and assayed in the esterification of butyric acid and geraniol to produce geranyl butyrate, first in a batch system followed by continuous geranyl butyrate synthesis in a fluidized bed reactor, as one being potentially applicable for large-scale production. Based on statistical analysis, optimal conditions for the production of geranyl butyrate by selected, immobilized lipase in the batch system are recommended as: temperature at 25-30°C, water concentration at 3.6% (v/v) and acid/alcohol molar ratio at 2.5. A set of optimal conditions for the ester synthesis in a fluidized bed reactor system has also been determined, specifically, flow rate at 10 mL min-1, temperature at 35°C, water concentration at 2% (v/v), substrate concentration at 0.1 M and acid/alcohol ratio at 2.0. Implementation of the optimized parameters in a batch system and in a fluidized bed reactor enabled production of target ester with high molar conversion, at > 99.9% for 48 h in the batch process, and 78.9% for 10 h in fluidized bed reactor. Although when assayed at their optimal conditions, lower molar conversion was achieved in the fluidized bed reactor system compared to the batch system, the volumetric productivity in fluidized bed reactor was more than five fold higher than that obtained in the batch system.
Efficient Enzymatic Preparation of Flavor Esters in Water
Perdomo, Igor Chiarelli,Gianolio, Stefania,Pinto, Andrea,Romano, Diego,Contente, Martina Letizia,Paradisi, Francesca,Molinari, Francesco
, p. 6517 - 6522 (2019/06/20)
A straightforward biocatalytic method for the enzymatic preparation of different flavor esters starting from primary alcohols (e.g., isoamyl, n-hexyl, geranyl, cinnamyl, 2-phenethyl, and benzyl alcohols) and naturally available ethyl esters (e.g., formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) was developed. The biotransformations are catalyzed by an acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) and proceeded with excellent yields (80-97%) and short reaction times (30-120 min), even when high substrate concentrations (up to 0.5 M) were used. This enzymatic strategy represents an efficient alternative to the application of lipases in organic solvents and a significant improvement compared with already known methods in terms of reduced use of organic solvents, paving the way to sustainable and efficient preparation of natural flavoring agents.
Rapeseed lipase catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate for flavour and nutraceutical applications in organic media
Liaquat, Muhammad
experimental part, p. 6 - 13 (2012/06/18)
Butyl butyrate, a short chain ester with fine fruity pineapple odour, is a significant flavour compound. Recent investigations show that butyrate esters also have anticancer activity. Factors influencing the synthesis of butyl butyrate by organic phase biocatalysis were investigated. Maximum ester yield of 89% was obtained when 0.25 M butanol and butyric acid were reacted at 25 °C for 48 h in the presence of 250 mg rape seed lipase acetone powder in hexane. Addition of water did not affect synthesis, while a water activity of 0.45 was found optimum. Of 15 different alcohols evaluated, isoamyl and (Z)-3- hexen-1-ol were esterified most effectively with molar conversion yields of 92.2 and 80.2%. Short chain primary alcohols such as methanol and medium-long chain alcohols, such as heptanol and octanol were esterified more slowly. The results show that rape seed lipase is versatile catalyst for ester synthesis with temperature stability range 5-50 °C.
