1072-24-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Influence of Chain Length on the Sphere-to-Rod Transition in Alkyl Sulfate Micelles
Missel, Paul J.,Mazer, Norman A.,Benedek, George B.,Carey, Martin C.
, p. 1264 - 1277 (1983)
Using Quasielastic light scattering spectroscopy (QLS) we have deduced the mean hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of alkyl sulfate micelles as functions of chain length (number of carbons nc = 8-16), temperature (0-85 deg C), detergent concentration (0.01-4g/dL), and NaCl concentration (0.1-2 M).In the region of low chain length (nc h values (extrapolated to the cmc) increase approximately linearly with the chain length.These results combained with Huisman's aggregation numbers (nw(cmc)) are consistent with a micellar shape that is close to spherical (axial ratio less than 2).Under conditions of high NaCl concentrations of high NaCl concentration the micelles exhibit a temperature-dependent growth from small spherical aggregates into long spherocylindrical micelles at concentrations above the cmc.With increasing chain length the temperature dependence of Rh becomes stronger and the NaCl and detergent concentrations needed for micellar growth become smaller.Light scattering intensity measurements confirm a rodlike growth for these micelles at all chain lengths.From these Rh measurements, values of the thermodynamic parameter K governing the sphere-to-rod transition are determined by using an extension of our previous thermodynamic model (Missel et al., J.Phys.Chem., 84, 1044 (1980)).A quantitative analysis of the dependence of K on chain length, temperature, and NaCl concentration provides new insights into energetic factors which govern the structure and growth of micelles.
SURFACTANTS BASED ON MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES
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Page/Page column 15, (2014/10/18)
Surfactant compositions comprising an alkoxylate, a sulfate, or ether sulfate of a C10-C12 monounsaturated alcohol are disclosed. The alkoxylate, sulfate, or ether sulfate may derive from undecylenic acid or undecylenic alcohol. Compared with their saturated analogs, the monounsaturated alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates are less irritating, making them valuable for personal care, laundry, cleaners, and other household applications. Microscopy studies show that the alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates have favorable phase behavior over a wide range of actives levels, expanding opportunities for products with greater compaction. When combined with cationic surfactants, the alkoxylates, sulfates, and ether sulfates exhibit synergy, and they have improved solubility compared with their saturated analogs. The surfactants find value for the personal care, laundry and cleaning, emulsion polymerization, agricultural products, oilfield applications, and specialty foams industries.
