109-36-4Relevant articles and documents
Alkylation reactions of potassium carboxylates supported on alumina: Comparison between ball-milling, impregnation and dispersion procedures
Gasgnier, Michel,Szwarc, Henri,Petit, Alain,Nahmias, Jean,Loupy, Andre
, p. 1233 - 1238 (2001)
Potassium carboxylate alkylation by n-bromooctane on neutral alumina in "dry media" under microwave irradiation was studied for different methods of preparation of salt-support powder. Mechanical milling and impregnation techniques led to equivalent yields, much higher than those obtained through dispersion. The first method avoids using solvents and subsequent drying of powders. Crystallographic and granulometric studies of the resulting powders were performed to ascertain the results.
Synthesis of biolubricants using sulfated zirconia catalysts
Oh, Jinho,Yang, Sungeun,Kim, Chanyeon,Choi, Inchang,Kim, Jae Hyun,Lee, Hyunjoo
, p. 164 - 171 (2013)
Synthesis of biomass-derived lubricants via esterification, transesterification, and simultaneous reactions of both was studied by using sulfated zirconia catalysts. Soybean oil or free fatty acids derived from soybean oil were used as a biomass-derived resource for the synthesis of biolubricants. Long chain alcohols (carbon number ≥ 8) or neo-polyols (e.g., 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol) were used as co-reactants. The structure of the alcohol significantly affected the conversion and yield for the esterification with oleic acid. The esters produced showed kinematic viscosity and viscosity index comparable to commercial lubricants. Various sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm, and tested for esterification. The type of zirconium precursor demonstrated a significant effect on the physical property of the catalyst and its catalytic activity. Interestingly, esters with fully saturated hydrocarbon chains were synthesized from unsaturated free fatty acids regardless of the absence of hydrogen gas. The sulfated zirconia could be recycled for up to five repeated reactions without any degradation. The effects of reaction time and temperature were also investigated.
Esterification of free fatty acids (Biodiesel) using nano sulfated-titania as catalyst in solvent-free conditions
Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona,Sodagar, Esmat
, p. 229 - 238 (2013/05/09)
Nano sulfated titania was tested as catalyst for esterification of free fatty acids, specially methanolic and ethanolic esterification of stearic acid (biodiesels). Factorial design evidenced a positive effect of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and solvents on ester conversion. This nano-sized sulfated titania has been prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. This prepared sulfated titania showed high catalytic activity in direct esterification of fatty acids as well as benzoic acids with various alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, easy handling, high yields, convenient operation, and green. FT-IR studies are shown that the catalyst can be reused for acylation without loss of catalytic activity.
Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols under microwave irradiation in the presence of zinc triflatet
Shekarriz, Marzieh,Taghipoor, Sohrab,Khalili, Ali Asghar,Jamarani, Mohammad Soleymani
, p. 172 - 173 (2007/10/03)
The esterification of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids with various alcohols (1°, 2°, 3°, benzylic) was studied under microwave irradiation in the presence of zinc triflate as catalyst; the reaction times were short and the yield of reactions was good to excellent.
