11113-62-5

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
ENNIATIN FROM MICROBIAL SOURCE is used as a pharmaceutical agent for its selective antitumor action. It has the potential to be developed into a treatment for various types of cancer due to its unique properties and mechanisms of action.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
ENNIATIN FROM MICROBIAL SOURCE is used as a nematocide for controlling nematodes, which are parasitic worms that can cause significant damage to crops. Its nematocidal properties make it a valuable tool in the agricultural sector for protecting plants from these harmful pests.
Used in Fermentation Industry:
ENNIATIN FROM MICROBIAL SOURCE is used as a compound to control contamination in the fermentation of gaseous substrates. Its ionophore properties help maintain the integrity of the fermentation process by preventing the growth of unwanted microorganisms.

Biological Activity

enniatins, analogues of beauvericin, is a regular cyclic hexadepsipeptide isolated from fusarium species of fungis, also they have been isolated from other genera, such as verticillium and halosarpheia [1]. they have been involved in many biological activities, such as antiinsectan, antifungal, antibiotic and cytotoxic [1].

in vitro

fusafungine is a mixture of several enniatins with bacteriostatic activity against most micro-organisms responsible for infections and superinfections of the respiratory tract. fusafungine has been developed for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections by oral and/or nasal inhalation. fusafungine in low concentrations down-regulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) by activated macrophages, inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokines il-1, tnfα and il-6 and inhibited the release of oxygen free radicals by inflammatory macrophages without altering their phagocytic activity. fusafungine also inhibited t-cell activation and proliferation, and the synthesis of ifn-γ by activated t cells [2]. exposure 8 h to enniatins at nanomolar concentrations significantly stimulated cell proliferation. at low micromolar concentrations, enniatins exihibited profound apoptosis-inducing effects against various human cancer cell types. in the fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, enniatins induced cell cycle arrest in the g0/g1 phase. in human cancer cells, elevated enn concentrations induced profound p53-dependent cytostatic and p53-independent cytotoxic activities [3]. enniatin easily incorporated into the cell membrane in which it formed cation-selective pores [4].

Purification Methods

It is a cyclic peptidic ester antibiotic which is recrystallised from EtOH/water but is deactivated in alkaline solution. [Ovchinnikov & Ivanov in The Proteins (Neurath and Hill eds) Academic Press, NY, Vol V pp. 365 and 516 1982, Tomeda et al. J Antibiot 45 1626 1992.]

references

[1] sy-cordero a a, pearce c j, oberlies n h. revisiting the enniatins: a review of their isolation, biosynthesis, structure determination and biological activities[j]. the journal of antibiotics, 2012, 65(11): 541-549.[2] german-fattal m. fusafungine, an antimicrobial with anti-inflammatory properties in respiratory tract infections[j]. clinical drug investigation, 2001, 21(9): 653-670.[3] dornetshuber r, heffeter p, kamyar m r, et al. enniatin exerts p53-dependent cytostatic and p53-independent cytotoxic activities against human cancer cells[j]. chemical research in toxicology, 2007, 20(3): 465-473.[4] kamyar m, rawnduzi p, studenik c r, et al. investigation of the electrophysiological properties of enniatins[j]. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2004, 429(2): 215-223.

InChI:InChI=1/C33H57N3O9/c1-16(2)22-31(40)43-26(20(9)10)29(38)35(14)24(18(5)6)33(42)45-27(21(11)12)30(39)36(15)23(17(3)4)32(41)44-25(19(7)8)28(37)34(22)13/h16-27H,1-15H3/t22-,23-,24-,25?,26?,27?/m0/s1