112811-59-3 Usage
Description
Gatifloxacin belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics and is used to treat acute sinus, lung, or urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted bacterial infection.This drug may be taken orally, in tablet form, or by injection.Common side effects associated with gatifloxacin include nausea, vaginitis(irritation or inflammation of the vagina)，diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and irregular heart beats. In general, gatifloxacin is used in people who are unresponsive to other AOM therapies.In one study, gatifloxacin was compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of recurrent otitis media (OM) and AOM in treatment failures in children.Three hundred fifty-four infants and children with recurrent OM or AOM failure received gatifloxacin or amoxicillin/clavulanate.Results showed that both drugs were well tolerated; the most common side effect was diarrhea.Researchers concluded that treatment with gatifloxacin once daily was as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanate twice daily.In other medical literature, gatifloxacin has been noted as a third-line treatment option in AOM.
Chemical Properties
White to light yellow powder
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 112811-59-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. An antibacterial
2. An antibacterial.
Definition
ChEBI: A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an anti
iotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.
Brand name
Tequin (Bristol-Myers Squibb); Zymar (Allergan).
Antimicrobial activity
Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against Gram-positive, atypical agents, and some anerobes, and broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is bactericidal and produces a post-antibiotic effect in Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria.The in vitro antibacterial spectrum of gatifloxacin has been tested against a variety of clinically important microorganisms. It is two to four times more potent than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and enterococci. However, it is two times less potent than ciprofloxacin, but the same as or two times more potent than ofloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae. Gatifloxacin and ofloxacin have similar antipseudomonal activity, while ciprofloxacin is two to eight times more potent. Gatifloxacin is highly potent against Hemophilus influenzae, Legionella species, and Helicobacter pylori, and also has activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile. Like other quinolones, it has poor activity against Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, but is 8–16 times more potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs || Gatifloxacin
Pharmaceutical Applications
The spectrum includes Acinetobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. but it is not very active against Ps. aeruginosa and other non-fermentative Gram-negative rods. It is more active against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococci than methicillin-resistant strains. It is also active against Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella spp. and has some activity against anaerobes.It is almost completely absorbed when given orally and is widely distributed throughout the body into many body tissues and fluids. The plasma half-life is 6–8 h. More than 70% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. Renal clearance is reduced by 57% in moderate renal insufficiency and by 77% in severe renal insufficiency.Prolongation of the QTc interval in some patients and interference with diabetes mellitus have resulted in withdrawal of the drug in most countries for systemic usage. Gatifloxacin remains in use in North America only as an ophthalmic solution.
Biological Activity
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Inhibits bacterial type II topoisomerases (IC 50 values are 0.109 and 13.8 μ g/ml for E.coli DNA gyrase and S.aureus topoisomerase IV respectively). Displays potent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Stimulates short-term self-renewal in both human and mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro .
Mechanism of action
Gatifloxacin is a quinolone antimicrobial. It is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with a 3-methylpiperazinyl substituent at C7. The antibacterial action of gatifloxacin results from inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme that is involved in the replication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme known to play a key role in the partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division. The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones including gatifloxacin is different from that of aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline antibiotics. Therefore, gatifloxacin may be active against pathogens that are resistant to these antibiotics and these antibiotics may be active against pathogens that are resistant to gatifloxacin. There is no cross-resistance between gatifloxacin and the aforementioned classes of antibiotics. Cross-resistance has been observed between systemic gatifloxacin and some other fluoroquinolones.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov
Pharmacokinetics
Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% was administered to one eye of 6 healthy male subjects each in an escalated dosing regimen starting with a single 2 drop dose, then 2 drops 4 times daily for 7 days, and finally 2 drops 8 times daily for 3 days. At all time points, serum gatifloxacin levels were below the lower limit of quantification (5 ng/mL) in all subjects.
Side effects
Gatifloxacin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (oral availability almost 100%), and concomitant administration of a continental breakfast, 1050 kcal, had no effect on its availability. The standard dose is 400 mg od and both oral and intravenous formulations are available.Common side effectsWorsening of eye infectionEye irritationEye painChange in tasteThe following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]Growth of Resistant Organisms With Prolonged Use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]Corneal Endothelial Cell Injury [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]https://go.drugbank.com https://medlineplus.govhttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 112811-59-3 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,1,2,8,1 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 112811-59:
(8*1)+(7*1)+(6*2)+(5*8)+(4*1)+(3*1)+(2*5)+(1*9)=93
93 % 10 = 3
So 112811-59-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C19H22FN3O4/c1-10-8-22(6-5-21-10)16-14(20)7-12-15(18(16)27-2)23(11-3-4-11)9-13(17(12)24)19(25)26/h7,9-11,21H,3-6,8H2,1-2H3,(H,25,26)
112811-59-3Relevant articles and documents
A high-throughput impurity-free process for gatifloxacin
Villasante, F. Javier,Gude, Lourdes,Fernandez, Sara P.,Alonso, Olga,Garcia, Elena,Cosme, Antonio
, p. 900 - 903 (2008)
An improved process to obtain gatifloxacin (1) through use of boron chelate intermediates has been developed. The methodology involves an initial activation step which accelerates the formation of the first chelate under low-temperature conditions and prevents demethylation of the starting material. To increase the overall yield and to avoid the isolation and manipulation of the resulting intermediates, the process has been designed to be carried out in one pot. As a result, we present here an easy, scaleable and substantially impurity-free process to obtain gatifloxacin (1) in high yield.
STREAMLINED SYNTHESES OF FLUOROQUINOLONES
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, (2019/01/08)
Methods of synthesizing fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are provided. The methods utilize affordable materials, reduce the number of synthesis steps and provide high yields.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF GATIFLOXACIN AND REGENERATION OF DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
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Page/Page column title page; 4; 9-10, (2008/06/13)
The subject of the present invention are an improved synthesis process comprising a process for regeneration of a side product of gatifloxacin and an analysis method for process control in the synthesis of gatifloxacin (Formula I).
