118097-60-2

Upstream product

• 103-41-3 (E)-cinnamic acid benzyl ester 
• 71338-71-1 benzyl crotonate 
• 3220-49-3 phenyl copper 
• 4406-72-8 2-phenyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolane 
• 71338-71-1 benzyl (E)-2-butenoate 
• 24388-23-6 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborole 
• 104-57-4 benzyl formate 
• 98-83-9 isopropenylbenzene 
• 15243-33-1 dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium 

Downstream Products

• 4593-90-2 3-phenylbutyric acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Imidazole derivatives as accelerators for ruthenium-catalyzed hydroesterification and hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes: Extensive ligand screening and mechanistic study

Imidazole derivatives are effective ligands for promoting the [Ru3(CO)12]-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates. Extensive ligand screening was performed to identify 2-hydroxymethylated imidazole as the optimal ligand. Neither carbon monoxide gas nor a directing group was required, and the reaction also showed a wide substrate generality. The Ru-imidazole catalyst system also promoted intramolecular hydrocarbamoylation to afford lactams. A Ru-imidazole complex was unambiguously analyzed by X-ray crystallography, and it had a trinuclear structure derived from one [Ru3(CO)12] and two ligands. This complex was also successfully used for hydroesterification. The mechanism was examined in detail by using D- and 13C-labeled formates, indicating that the hydroesterification reaction proceeds by a decarbonylation-recarbonylation pathway. Effective imidazole assistant: [Ru3(CO)12]-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes by using formates is drastically accelerated by imidazole derivatives and exhibits a broad substrate scope for both alkenes and formates. The Ru-imidazole complex also catalyzes the intramolecular hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes.

Novel ruthenium-catalyst for hydroesterification of olefins with formates

An alternative ruthenium-based catalyst for the hydroesterification of olefins with formates is reported. The good activity of our system is ensured by the use of a bidentate P,N-ligand and ruthenium dodecacarbonyl. A range of formates can be used for selective alkoxycarbonylation of aromatic olefins. In addition, the synthesis of selected aliphatic esters is realized. The proposed active ruthenium complex has been isolated and characterized. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.

Remarkable improvement achieved by imidazole derivatives in ruthenium-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates

Imidazole derivatives are revealed to be effective ligands in the Ru-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates, affording one-carbonelongated esters in high yields. Further, intramolecular hydroesterification was successfully performed to give lactones for the first time. Imidazole derivatives can contribute to promote the reaction as well as to suppress the undesired decarbonylation of formate. Toxic CO gas, a directing group, and large excess alkenes are not required.

Asymmetric conjugate 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated esters catalyzed by rhodium(I)/(S)-binap

Arylboronic acids underwent the conjugate 1,4-addition to α,β-unsaturated esters to give β-aryl esters in high yields in the presence of a rhodium(I) catalyst. The addition of arylboronic acids to isopropyl crotonate resulted in high yields and high enantioselectivity exceeding 90% ee in the presence of 3 mol % of Rh(acac)(C2H4)2 and (S)-binap at 100 °C. The rhodium/(S)-binap complex provided (R)-3-phenylbutanoate in the addition of phenylboronic acid to benzyl crotonate. The effects on the enantioselectivity of chiral phosphine ligands, rhodium precursors, and substituents on α,β-unsaturated esters are discussed, as well as the mechanistic aspect of the catalytic cycle.

ORGANOCOPPER-IODOSILANE COMBINATIONS IN CONJUGATE ADDITIONS

This paper concerns new possibilities opened by the addition of (mono)organocopper compounds and iodotrimethylsilane (TMSI) to α,β-unsaturated ketones and esters giving the silyl enol ethers and ketene acetals, respectively.We demonstrate the homogeneous addition of methylcopper-tributyl-phosphine-iodotrimethylsilane to methyl cinnamate, the use of organocopper-bromotrimethylsilane combinations, the dominating formation of Z-silyl enol ethers on conjugate addition of methyl- and butylcopper/TMSI to benzalacetone, and the formation of silyl enol ethers in other additions of organocopper compounds and TMSX to conjugated ketones.The Z-selectivity for addition to benzalacetone corresponds to s-cis conformations in ?-complexes between copper(I) chloride and 1-penten-3-one or 3-buten-2-one.The stereoselectivity could support a reaction path via ?-complexes between organocopper-iodotrimethylsilane complexes and s-cis conformers of the substrates.

CHLORO- AND IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE-ACTIVATED ADDITIONS OF ORGANOCOPPER COMPOUNDS TO ENONES AND ENOATES

Organocopper compounds add to enones and enoates in the presence of chloromethylsilane in ether giving the conjugate adducts in preparatively usefu yields via the silyl enol ethers.Presence of lithium iodide is important and excess of chlorotrimethylsilane accelerates the reactions.The combination of organocopper compound, iodotrimethylsilane and dimethyl sulfide gave faster reactions and very high yields, particularly in dichloromethane, where the reaction mixtures gradually became homogeneous.