122333-60-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Complexation of alkali metal cations by conformationally rigid, stereoisomeric calix[4]arene crown ethers: A quantitative evaluation of preorganization
Ghidini, Eleonora,Ugozzoli, Franco,Ungaro, Rocco,Harkema, Sybolt,Abu El-Fadl,Reinhoudt, David N.
, p. 6979 - 6985 (2007/10/02)
Selective bridging of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1) with tetra-and pentaethylene glycol ditosylate gives the 1,3-dihydroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene crown ethers 7 and 9 in good yields. The subsequent alkylation of the two phenolic groups of 7 and 9 with
Kinetically Stable Complexes of Alkali Cations with Rigidified Calixarenes: Synthesis, X-ray Structures, and Complexation of Calixcrowns and Calixspherands
Dijkstra, Pieter J.,Brunink, Jos A. J.,Bugge, Kjell-Erik,Reinhoudt, David N.,Harkema, Sybolt,et al.
, p. 7567 - 7575 (2007/10/02)
Selective 1,3-dialkylation of the phenolic groups of p-tert-butylcalixarene (3) with methyl or benzyl tosylate yields 7a (75percent) and 8 (95percent), respectively.Subsequent bridging of the two remaining phenolic groups in 7a or 8, by reaction with polyethylene glycol ditosylates, gives p-tert-butylcalixarene crown ethers (4b, 4c, and 4e).Reaction of 7a with 3,3''-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2',2''-trimethoxy-5,5',5''-trimethyl-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl (10) in the presence of NaH or KH produces the corresponding NaBr and KBr complexes of the calixspherand 6.Decomplexation of the6*NaBr and 6*KBr complexes in H2O/CH3OH (4:1) requires long reaction times and high temperatures, indicating a high kinetic stability.The X-ray structure of 6*NaPic confirmed the flattened partial cone conformation of the calixarene moiety in this complex.The free energies of complexation (ΔG0) of the calixcrown ether alkali picrate (MPic) complexes vary from -6 to -12 kcal*mol-1 (CDCl3).The calixspherand 6 forms kinetically "stable" complexes with Na(1+) (kd298 = 6.0*1E-9 s-1), K(1+) (kd298 =1.0*1E-8 s-1), and Rb(1+) (kd298 = 6.9*1E-5 s-1).The rates of complexation vary between 1.3*1E4 and 2.5*1E5 M-1 s-1.The calculated free energies of complexation of 6 with MPic salts in CDCl3 at 298 K are -16.8 , -18.1 , and -13.0 kcal*mol-1, respectively.The high thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of these complexes are explained in terms of a high degree of preorganization of the calixspherand and the highly hydrophobic collar around the molecular cavity.This prevents solvent molecules to assist in the decomplexation process.
