123597-59-1

Usage

Uses

Used in Biological Research:
Phorbol 13-Decanoate >99% is used as a tumor promoter for inducing cell differentiation and proliferation in biological research. It aids in understanding the mechanisms of cell signaling and the processes involved in tumor development.
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
Phorbol 13-Decanoate >99% is used as a potential pharmaceutical candidate for exploring its therapeutic applications. Although the precise mechanisms of action are still being studied, its potential use in drug development is being investigated.
Used in Toxicology Studies:
Due to its known toxic and irritant properties, Phorbol 13-Decanoate >99% is used in toxicology studies to evaluate the effects of exposure to Phorbol 13-Decanoate >99% and to develop safety guidelines for its handling and use in research and potential therapeutic applications.
Used in Drug Development:
Phorbol 13-Decanoate >99% is used in drug development as a potential active ingredient or as a tool to study the effects of similar compounds on biological systems. Its unique properties and mechanisms of action may contribute to the development of new therapeutic agents.

Upstream product

• 1021442-43-2 C₄₀H₆₄O₈ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Differential effects of phorbol-13-monoesters on human immunodeficiency virus reactivation

The persistence of latent reservoirs of HIV-1 represents a major barrier to virus eradication in patients treated with antiretrovirals. Prostratin is a non-tumor promoting 12-deoxyphorbol monoester capable of up-regulating viral expression from latent provirus and therefore is potentially useful for HIV adjuvant therapy and similar properties might be elicited by related non-tumor promoting phorboids. We have therefore investigated a series of phorbol 13-monoesters for their capacity to reactivate HIV latency. Using a Jurkat T cell line containing latent HIV proviruses, we found that prostratin and phorbol-13-stearate effectively activate HIV-1 gene expression in these latently infected cells, with phorbol-13-stearate being at least 10-fold more potent than prostratin, and its activity rapidly decreasing with a shortening of the acyl side chain. We further demonstrated that phorbol-13-stearate and prostratin stimulate IKK-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, leading to activation of NF-κB. Moreover, prostratin, phorbol-13-hexanoate and phorbol-13-stearate also activate the JNK and ERK pathways. Studies with isoform-specific PKC inhibitors suggest that the classical PKCs play a prominent role in the responses elicited by phorbol-13-stearate. Nevertheless, this compound induces a translocation pattern of the PKC isotypes α and δ to cellular compartments distinctly different from that elicited by prostratin and PMA.