125136-58-5

Upstream product

• 26927-07-1 9-cis-violaxanthin 
• 10153-97-6 (15E,9'Z)-neoxanthin 
• 122203-81-0 2-cis-(4R)-5-<(2'R,4'S)-2',4'-dihydroxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexylidene>-3-methyl-2,4-pentenadien-1-ol 
• 122203-81-0 2-trans-(4R)-5-<(2'R,4'S)-2',4'-dihydroxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexylidene>-3-methyl-2,4-pentenadien-1-ol 
• 122203-81-0 (+/-)-(2E,4S)-5-((2S,4S)-2,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ol 
• 122203-81-0 (+/-)-(2E,4R)-5-((2R,4S)-2,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ol 

Downstream Products

• 134801-49-3 (1'R,2'R,4'S,2Z)-5-<4'-<<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-2'-hydroxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexyliden>-3-methylpenta-2,4-diennitril 
• 134801-49-3 (1'R,2'R,4'S,2E)-5-<4'-<<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-2'-hydroxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexyliden>-3-methylpenta-2,4-diennitril 
• 122346-90-1 15,15'-Didehydroviolaxanthin 
• 122203-84-3 <1R*(2E,4E,6E,8E)2α,4β>-(+/-)-11-(2,4-Dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-2,9-dimethylundeca-2,4,6,8,01-pentaenal 
• 134801-58-4 C₄₀H₅₄O₄ 
• 133602-07-0 (all-E)-(3S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al 
• 122203-81-0 2-trans-(4R)-5-<(2'R,4'S)-2',4'-dihydroxy-2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexylidene>-3-methyl-2,4-pentenadien-1-ol 
• 142204-43-1 15,15'-Didehydroneoxanthin 
• 142204-43-1 (9'Z)-15,15'-Didehydroneoxanthin 
• 134801-58-4 (3S,5R,6R,3'S,5'R,6'R,all-E)-6,7,6',7'15,15'-hexadehydro-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotin-3,5,3',5'-tetrol 
• 122203-83-2 4-Bromo-benzoic acid (1R,3R)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-((E)-3-methyl-5-oxo-penta-1,3-dienylidene)-cyclohexyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

First total synthesis of (all-E)-(3S, 5R, 6R)-Paracentrone

(all-E)-(3S,5R,6R)-Paracentrone was synthesised in the optically active form in five steps in 52% overall yield from the available (2-E)-(4R)-((2R,4S)-2,4-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-3-methyl-2,4- pentadien-1-ol, (all-E)-(7-formyl-2-methyl-2

Total synthesis of C31-methyl ketone apocarotenoids. Part 4. First total synthesis of (3S,5R,6R)-paracentrone

Optically active (all-E)-(3S,5R,6R)-paracentrone has been prepared by total synthesis for the first time, in 3% overall yield over 13 linear steps from the readily available (4R,6R)-actinol, (2E)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol, (all-E)-2,7-dimethylocta-2,4,6

First Total Synthesis of (+/-)-Peridinin, (+/-)-Pyrrhoxanthin and the Optically Active Peridinin

The first total synthesis of peridinin 1 and pyrrhoxanthin 2 has been accomplished via the reaction of the C15-epoxy formyl ester 21 with the C22-allenic sulfone 28 or the C22-acetylenic sulfone 39.A synthesis of the optically active peridinin has also be

CAROTENOID METABOLISM AND THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ABSCISIC ACID

The conversion of all-trans-violaxanthin to 9'-cis-neoxanthin was shown to occur in fluridone-treated etiolated Lycopersicon and Phaseolus seedlings, following exposure to light.The results of deuterium oxide labelling experiments supported this precursor/product relationship, and provided further evidence for the origin of abscisic acid.Several apo-carotenoids, putative by-products of abscisic acid biosynthesis, were synthesised by chemical oxidation but were not detected in plant extracts.In vitro, lipoxygenase cleaved neoxanthin and violaxanthin down to small (/=C13) fragments.It may be that in vivo any apo-carotenoids formed by the specific cleavage of 9'-cis-neoxanthin, during abscisic acid biosynthesis, are rapidly metabolized by lipoxygenase or similar enzymes.

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure mimulaxanthin and of its (9Z,9′Z)- and (15Z)-isomers

We present the details of a synthesis of optically active, enantiomerically pure stereoisomers of mimulaxanthin ( = (3S,5R,6R,3′S,5′R, 6′R)-6,7,6′,7′-tetradehydro-5,6,5′,6′-tetrahydro- β,β-carotin-3,5,3′,5′-tetrol) either as free alcohols 1a and 24a or as their crystalline (t-Bu)Me2Si ethers 1b and 24b. Grasshopper ketone 2a, a presumed synthon, unexpectedly showed a very sluggish reaction with Wittig-Horner reagents. Upon heating with the ylide of ester phosphonates, an addition across the allenic bond occurred. On the contrary, a slow but normal 1,2-addition took place with the ylide from (cyanomethyl) phosphonate but, unexpectedly, with concomitant inversion at the chiral axis. So a mixture of (6R,6S,9E,9Z)-isomers 69 was produced (Scheme I ). However, a fast and very clean 1,2-addition occurred with the ethynyl ketone 12 to yield the esters 13 and 14 (Scheme 2). DlBAH reduction of the separated stereoisomers gave the allenic alcohols 15 and 16 in high yield. Mild oxidation to the aldehydes 17 and 18 followed by their condensation with the acetylenic C 10-bis-ylide 19 led to the stereoisomeric 15,15′- didehydromimulaxanthins 20 and 22, respectively (Schemes 3 and 4). Mimulaxanthins 1 and 24 were prepared by partial hydrogenation of 20 and 22 followed by a thermal (Z/E)-isomerization. As expected, the mimulaxanthins exhibit very weak CD curves, obviously caused by the allenic bond that insulates the chiral centers in the end group from the chromophor. On the contrary , some of the C15-allenic synthons showed not only fairly strong CD effects but also a split CD curve which, in our interpretation, results from an exciton coupling between the allene and the C(9)=C(10) bond. We postulate a rotation around the C(8)-C(9) bond, presumably caused by an intramolecular H-bond in 16 or by a dipol interaction between the polarized double bonds in 6, 7,8, and 17.