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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Facile and efficient method for the Prins reactions of styrenes and homoallyl alcohols to 1,3-dioxanes and 4-tetrahydropyranols using bismuth(III) triflate

Bismuth(III) inflate has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the Prins reactions of styrenes and homoallyl alcohols, the reaction proceeds rapidly and affords the corresponding 1,3-dioxanes and tetrahydropyran-4-ol in good yields. Scope and limitations of the styrenes and homoallyl alcohols are reported. Copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc.

ZnAlMCM-41: a very ecofriendly and reusable solid acid catalyst for the highly selective synthesis of 1,3-dioxanes by the Prins cyclization of olefins

The Prins cyclization of styrene (SE) with paraformaldehyde (PFCHO) was conducted with mesoporous ZnAlMCM-41 catalysts for the synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (4-PDO) using a liquid phase heterogeneous catalytic method. For a comparison study, the Prins cyclization reaction was also conducted over different nanoporous catalysts,e.g.mesoporous solid acid catalysts, AlMCM-41(21) and ZnMCM-41(21), and microporous catalysts, USY, Hβ, HZSM-5, and H-mordenite. The recyclable mesoporous ZnAlMCM-41 catalysts were reused in this reaction to evaluate their catalytic stabilities. Since ZnAlMCM-41(75) has higher catalytic activity than other solid acid catalysts, washed ZnAlMCM-41(75)/W-ZnAlMCM-41(75) was prepared using an efficient chemical treatment method and used with various reaction parameters to find an optimal parameter for the highly selective synthesis of 4-PDO. W-ZnAlMCM-41(75) was also used in the Prins cyclization of olefins with PFCHO and formalin (FN, 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (FCHO)) under different reaction conditions to obtain 1,3-dioxanes, which are widely used as solvents or intermediates in organic synthesis. Based on the nature of catalysts used under different reaction conditions, a reasonable plausible reaction mechanism for the Prins cyclization of SE with PFCHO is proposed. Notably, it can be seen from the catalytic results of all catalysts that the W-ZnAlMCM-41(75) catalyst has higher 4-PDO selectivity with exceptional catalytic activity than other microporous and mesoporous catalysts.

The Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Prins Reaction

Despite their significant potential, catalytic asymmetric reactions of olefins with formaldehyde are rare and metal-free approaches have not been previously disclosed. Here we describe an enantioselective intermolecular Prins reaction of styrenes and paraformaldehyde to form 1,3-dioxanes, using confined imino-imidodiphosphate (iIDP) Br?nsted acid catalysts. Isotope labeling experiments and computations suggest a concerted, highly asynchronous addition of an acid-activated formaldehyde oligomer to the olefin. The enantioenriched 1,3-dioxanes can be transformed into the corresponding optically active 1,3-diols, which are valuable synthetic building blocks.

Investigation of Prins reaction for the synthesis of 2, 4-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives and 1, 3-dioxanes using polyaniline supported acid as reusable catalyst

The Prins cyclization of homoallyl alcohol with a variety of aldehydes were observed under reflux condition in dichloromethane using both polyaniline supported TsOH (PANI-TsOH) and FeCl3 (PANI- FeCl3) as reusable acid catalysts with the formation of 2,4-disubstituted tetrahydropyran ether as single product. In case of 4-, 3- and 2- nitro benzaldehydes, the reaction generated acetal of the aldehyde and homoallylic alcohol as single product. Additionally, both catalysts were investigated for the synthesis of 1, 3-dioxane in dichloromethane under reflux and at ambient temperature Indian Academy of Sciences.

Synthesis of 1,3-dioxanes catalyzed by TsOH-SiO2 under solvent-free conditions

Silica-supported p-toluene sulfonic acid is found to be an excellent catalyst for the Prins reaction to produce 1,3-dioxanes in good yields from olefins and aliphatic aldehydes in dichloromethane at room temperature and solventless microwave irradiation within a short reaction time. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Novel hydrophobic Bronsted acidic ionic-liquids as efficient and reusable catalysts for organic reactions in water

Novel Hydrophobic Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (HBAIL) were prepared and utilized as acid catalysts in organic reactions in water. HBAILs were demonstrated, for the first time, to be effective catalysts for Prins cyclization of styrene derivatives in water with a formaldehyde water solution. Many styrene derivatives could be successfully converted to the corresponding 1,3-dioxanes. Other dehydration reactions also proceeded well using HBAILs in water. After reactions, HBAILs could be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity. Copyright

Selective Prins reaction of styrenes and formaldehyde catalyzed by 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenoxy(difluoro)borane

The sterically congested Lewis acid 1 was used as a catalyst in the Prins reaction of various styrenes and formaldehyde. 4-Aryl-1,3-dioxanes 5 were selectively formed as the exclusive products of the reaction with styrenes 4a-i and vinylthiophenes 4j-k. The reaction proceeded in most cases with good to excellent yields (55-99%). Styrenes which carried a strongly electron-withdrawing group (CN, CO2Me) did not react. The reaction with β-alkylstyrenes 6 was successful for the methyl substituted substrate 6a and yielded (88%) trans-5-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (7a) preferentially (dr = 75:25). For steric reasons, other β-alkylstyrenes 6b-d did not react. The remarkable stereodiscrimination attained by catalyst 1 was employed in the regioselective transformation of 4-propenylstyrene (10) to dioxane 11 (83% yield).

Cation-Exchanged Montmorillonite (Mn+-Mont)-Catalyzed Prins Reaction

The Prins reaction of styrenes with paraformaldehyde or 1,3,5-trioxane in toluene in the presence of cation-exchanged montmorillonite (Mn+-mont), which worked as a Bronsted acid catalyst, at 80°C produced 4-aryl-1,3-dioxanes selectively in up to 99% isolated yield with a turnover number of up to 5.9×102. Among the examined 21 Mn+-monts, Ce3+- and Fe3+-monts were revealed to be quite effective. Regeneration of the catalyst was confirmed with the Ce3+-mont, which could be effectively recycled at least three times. Many lanthanide metal ion-exchanged montmorillonites (Ln3+-monts) were prepared and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia gas (NH3-TPD) methods.