13103-04-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Complexation of Phenol and Thiophenol by Amine N-Oxides: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and ab Initio Calculations
Cuypers, Ruud,Murali, Sukumaran,Marcelis, Antonius T.M.,Sudhoelter, Ernst J.R.,Zuilhof, Han
, p. 3465 - 3473 (2010)
To develop a new solvent-impregnated resin (SIR) system for removal of phenols from water, the complex formation of dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DMDAO), trioctylamine N-oxide (TOAO), and tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine N-oxide (TEHAO) with phenol (PhOH) and thiophenol (PhSH) is studied. To this end we use isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and quantum chemical modeling (on B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)-optimized geometries: B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p), MP2/6-311+G(d,p), and spin component scaled (SCS) MP2/6-311+G(d,p); M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p)//M06-2X/6-311G(d,p), MP2 with an extrapolation to the complete basis set limit (MP2/CBS), as well as CBS-Q). The complexes are analyzed in terms of structural (e.g., bond lengths) and electronic elements (e.g., charges). Furthermore, complexation and solvent effects (in benzene, toluene, and mesitylene) are investigated by ITC measurements, yielding binding constants K, enthalpies ΔH0, Gibbs fre energies ΔG0, and entropies ΔS0 of complex formation, and stoichiometry N. The ITC measurements revealed strong 1:1 complex formation between both DMDAO-PhOH and TOAO-PhOH. The binding constant (K=1.7-5.7×104 M-1) drops markedly when water-saturated toluene was used (K=5.8×103 M-1), and Π-Π interaction with the solvent is shown to be relevant. Quantum mechanical modeling confirms formation of stable 1:1 complexes with linear hydrogen bonds that weaken on attachment of electron-withdrawing groups to the amine N-oxide moiety. Modeling also showed that complexes with PhSH are much weaker than those with PhOH, and in fact too weak for ITC determination. CBS-Q incorrectly predicts equal or even higher binding enthalpies for PhSH than for PhOH, which invalidates it as a benchmark for other calculations. Data from the straightforward SCS-MP2 method without counterpoise correction show very good agreement with the MP2/CBS values.Extraction of (thio)phenol in industrial processes requires detailed information on the nature of the H bonds between the extractants (here a series of amine N-oxides) and (thio)phenol. This is provided by a combination of high-level quantum chemical calculations and calorimetry. The picture shows raw data (top) together with peak-integration data and fitted curve (bottom) for the calorimetric titration of phenol with dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide. Copyright
Selectivities in the oxidation of tertiary amines and pyridine derivatives by perfluoro cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines
Arnone, Alberto,Metrangolo, Pierangelo,Novo, Barbara,Resnati, Giuseppe
, p. 7831 - 7842 (2007/10/03)
When tertiary amines 1 are reacted with perfluoro cis-2,3- dialkyloxaziridines 2 at -60 °C corresponding N-oxides 3 are formed in high yields. The process is chemoselective and diastereoselective. The chemoselectivity in the reaction of alkenyl substituted pyridines is solvent dependent, attack occurring exclusively at the carbon-carbon double bond or at the nitrogen atom under protic and aprotic conditions, respectively. Lower selectivities were obtained when standard reagents were used.
IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARATION OF TRIOCTYLAMINE N-OXIDE.
Anishina,Andrievskii,Vasilevskaya,Ornatskaya
, p. 1992 - 1993 (2007/10/02)
The authors show that an increase of the TOA N-oxide yield made its separation from the reaction mass much simpler and technologically feasible: Instead of extraction into heptane followed by concentration of the solution at room temperature until TOA N-oxide begins to separate out, it proved possible to filter it off and dry it in air. A single recrystallization gives a product of 93-95% purity, containing 2-3% of water of crystallization. TOA N-oxida is thermally unstable, and therefore cannot be characterized by a definite melting point. Therefore the principal criterion of the purity of the reaction product is its content of TOA N-oxide, determined by potentiometric titration with perchloric acid, provided that none of the original TOA is present as an impurity.
