133217-23-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Method and product for skin lightening
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, (2008/06/13)
A method and cosmetic product for lightening skin is provided, the method including wiping the skin with a cosmetic towelette. Impregnated on the towelette is an alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid or salt thereof and a sunscreen agent.
Nucleophilic substitution in diphenylmethyl derivatives. I. Formolysis of diarylmethyl derivatives: an α-substituent effect
Strazzolini, Paolo,Giumanini, Angelo G.,Verardo, Giancarlo
, p. 5 - 12 (2007/10/02)
The reactions of formic acid with and without addition of sodium formate with diphenylmethanol (4) and chlorodiphenylmethane (3) were compared to those with hydroxydiphenylacetic (benzilic) acid (12a) and chlorodiphenylacetic acid (14a).Formic acid did not favour any SN1-type reaction on 4, but a strong catalysis by iodide ion was observed.Sodium formate rapidly performed the substitution of the chlorine in 3.A similar outcome was obtained with chloro acid 14a, but the rationalization of the results is different.Chloro acid 14a and its methyl ester 14b were prompt to react, but the equilibria were shiftet to α-formyloxy products 13 only by the addition of HCOONa.HCOOH was unable to perform any reduction on either 3 or 4 or 12a and 14a, a fact which was taken as evidence for concerted substitution mechanism on ion pairs or betaine 15.Mechanistic implications are drawn.
