13433-31-3Relevant articles and documents
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Wizinger,Wenning
, p. 247,266 (1940)
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Photochromism of spirobenzopyranindolines and spironaphthopyranindolines
Chibisov,Goerner
, p. 424 - 431 (2001)
The photocolouration of five spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] compounds (1-5) and two spironaphthopyranindolines (6, 7) to give the ring-opened merocyanine(s) and the subsequent thermal relaxation back to the closed form was studied. A trans-merocyanine but no cis-photoisomer were detected for 1-7 using λexc = 308 nm and a singlet pathway accounts for photocolouration. In contrast to nitrospiropyrans the yield of colouration of spiropyrans is essentially independent of solvent polarity. The relaxation times at 25°C range from 0.01 s for 6 in methylcyclohexane to 17 s for 5 in ethanol, which is due to differences in both activation energies (65-80 kJ mol-1) and the pre-exponential factor (1012-1014 s-1). The photomerocyanine yield is substantially increased upon naphthalene- or acetone-sensitized excitation, where otherwise the same spectral changes, relaxation time and activation parameters were found. Upon excitation of the trans-merocyanine (λexc = 530 nm), a cis-merocyanine with lifetime in the sub ms range could be detected at lower temperatures. Deactivation of the excited trans-merocyanine occurs mainly in the excited singlet state. For 4 and 5, due to an internal heavy-atom effect of bromine substituents, and for 1, a triplet state as a precursor of the cis- and trans-merocyanines could be observed. The effects of structure and medium properties on the photoprocesses are described and the mechanisms of photochromism and thermal decolouration are discussed.
To estimation of pKa for spiropyrans of the indoline series
Chernyshev,Chernov'yants,Voloshina,Voloshin
, p. 1468 - 1472 (2007/10/03)
A mathematically substantiated approach to estimating acid-base characteristics of spiropyrans of the indoline series with account for the ring-chain tautomerism of these compounds was proposed. The pKa values of spiropyrans of various basicity were estimated.