1405-10-3 Usage
Description
Neomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces fradiae. It is known for its potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it a versatile and effective agent in various applications. Neomycin sulfate is characterized by its white or yellowish-white powdery appearance and hygroscopic nature.
Uses
1. Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Neomycin sulfate is used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the skin, eyes, and outer ears. Its effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria makes it a popular choice in the development of topical medications.
2. Used in Veterinary Medicine:
Neomycin sulfate serves as a systemic antibiotic and growth promoter in the veterinary industry. It is used to prevent and treat bacterial infections in animals, contributing to their overall health and well-being.
3. Used in Cell Culture:
Neomycin sulfate is employed as a preventive measure for bacterial contamination in cell cultures. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity ensures a sterile environment for cell growth and research.
4. Used in Topical Medications:
Neomycin sulfate is used as an active ingredient in various topical formulations, such as creams, powders, ointments, eye and ear drops. Its antibacterial properties help in the treatment and prevention of skin, eye, and ear infections.
5. Used in Preventive Measures for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hypercholesterolemia:
Neomycin sulfate has been utilized as a preventive measure for hepatic encephalopathy and hypercholesterolemia, showcasing its potential in addressing health issues beyond bacterial infections.
Brand Names:
Some of the brand names under which Neomycin sulfate is marketed include Mycifradin (Pharmacia & Upjohn), Neo-Fradin (X Gen), Neobiotic (Pfizer), Akentect, Amphocort, Apokalin, Aurex, Auriod, Baneopol, Bastu-angin, and many others.
Indications
This drug is obtained from species of the actinomycete Streptomyces
and is an aminoglycoside antibiotic (as are streptomycin, gentamicin, and
kanamycin) effective against most aerobic gram-negative organisms. Group A streptococci
are relatively resistant. Neomycin acts to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
by irreversibly binding to the 30S subunit. It is responsible for a greater incidence
of allergic contact sensitivity than any other topical antibiotic. This diagnosis often
remains hidden, because morphologically the eruption is of a mild eczematous
nature. Rarely, anaphylaxis may occur.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Neomycin sulfate, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was first isolated in 1949 and has subsequently been included in topical, oral and parenteral preparations. Its value in the treatment of diarrhoea is widely questioned although it is still contained in a number of widely available antidiarrhoeal preparations. In some countries the officially approved indications for oral preparations are restricted to the preparation of the bowel prior to surgery and the management of hepatic coma.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Neomycin Trisulfateis an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is produced by Streptomyces containing a minimum of 85% neomycin B.It is used to study the cytotoxic side effects of antibiotics, platelet-derived growth factor responses in certain fibroblasts and extraction of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-interacting proteins. Neomycin trisulfate?functions as a selection agent for prokaryotic cells transformed using the neo selectable marker gene. This product is recommended for use in cell culture applications at 5 mL/L.
Clinical Use
In a search for antibiotics less toxic than streptomycin,Waksman and Lechevalier isolated neomycin (Mycifradin,Neobiotic) in 1949 from Streptomyces fradiae. Since then, theimportance of neomycin has increased steadily, and today, itis considered one of the most useful antibiotics for the treatmentof GI infections, dermatological infections, and acutebacterial peritonitis. Also, it is used in abdominal surgery toreduce or avoid complications caused by infections from bacterialflora of the bowel. It has broad-spectrum activityagainst various organisms and shows a low incidence of toxicand hypersensitivity reactions. It is absorbed very slightlyfrom the digestive tract, so its oral use ordinarily does not produce any systemic effect. The development of neomycinresistantstrains of pathogens is rarely reported in those organismsagainst which neomycin is effective.Neomycin as the sulfate salt is a white to slightly yellow,crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is hygroscopicand photosensitive (but stable over a wide pH rangeand to autoclaving). Neomycin sulfate contains the equivalentof 60% of the free base.Neomycin, as produced by S. fradiae, is a mixture ofclosely related substances. Included in the “neomycin complex”is neamine (originally designated neomycin A) andneomycins B and C. S. fradiae also elaborates another antibiotic,the fradicin, which has some antifungal propertiesbut no antibacterial activity. This substance is not present in“pure” neomycin.
Safety Profile
Poison by
intramuscular, intravenous, and
subcutaneous routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: somnolence,
hallucinations and distorted perceptions, and
anorexia. A human skin irritant. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of SOx.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Because neomycin is more nephrotoxic and less effective against
several bacterial species than either gentamicin or amikacin, its use
is generally limited to topical formulations for skin, eyes, and ears,
oral treatment of enteric infections, to reduce microbe numbers in
the colon prior to colon surgery, and oral or enema administration
to reduce ammonia-producing bacteria in the treatment of hepatic
encephalopathy. Doses for parenteral administration are listed below,
but should be used only with extreme caution due to the drug’s
toxic potential.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antibacterials: absorption of
phenoxymethylpenicillin reduced; increased risk of
nephrotoxicity with colistimethate or polymyxins
and possibly cephalosporins; increased risk of
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity with capreomycin or
vancomycin.
Anticoagulants: altered INR with coumarins or
phenindione.
Ciclosporin: increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Cytotoxics: possibly reduced methotrexate
absorption; bioavailability of sorafenib reduced;
increased risk of nephrotoxicity and possibly of
ototoxicity with platinum compounds.
Diuretics: increased risk of ototoxicity with loop
diuretics.
Muscle relaxants: enhanced effects of
suxamethonium and non-depolarising muscle
relaxants.
Parasympathomimetics: antagonism of effect of
neostigmine and pyridostigmine.
Tacrolimus: increased risk of nephrotoxicity
Metabolism
Only 3% of dose is absorbed. Approximately 97% of an
oral dose is excreted unchanged in the faeces
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1405-10-3 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,4,0 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1405-10:
(6*1)+(5*4)+(4*0)+(3*5)+(2*1)+(1*0)=43
43 % 10 = 3
So 1405-10-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C23H46N6O13.H2O4S/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(28)21(37-7)40-18-6(27)1-5(26)12(31)20(18)42-23-17(36)19(9(4-30)39-23)41-22-11(29)16(35)14(33)8(3-25)38-22;1-5(2,3)4/h5-23,30-36H,1-4,24-29H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t5-,6-,7+,8-,9+,10+,11+,12+,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+,20+,21+,22+,23-;/m1./s1
