141193-62-6Relevant articles and documents
Chloromethyl Glycosides as Versatile Synthons to Prepare Glycosyloxymethyl-Prodrugs
Boltje, Thomas J.,Derks, Maik G. N.,Elferink, Hidde,Rutjes, Floris P. J. T.,Titulaer, Willem H. C.,Veeneman, Gerrit H.
, (2022/01/31)
This work investigates the addition of monosaccharides to marketed drugs to improve their pharmacokinetic properties for oral absorption. To this end, a set of chloromethyl glycoside synthons were developed to prepare a variety of glycosyloxymethyl-prodrugs derived from 5-fluorouracil, thioguanine, propofol and losartan. Drug release was studied in vitro using β-glucosidase confirming rapid conversion of the monosaccharide prodrugs to release the parent drug, formaldehyde and the monosaccharide. To showcase this prodrug approach, a glucosyloxymethyl conjugate of the tetrazole-containing drug losartan was used for in vivo experiments and showed complete release of the drug in a dog-model.
The synthesis of deoxy-α-Gal epitope derivatives for the evaluation of an anti-α-Gal antibody binding
Janczuk, Adam J.,Zhang, Wei,Andreana, Peter R.,Warrick, Joshua,Wang, Peng G.
, p. 1247 - 1259 (2007/10/03)
α-Gal epitopes (also termed as α-Gal) are carbohydrate structures bearing the α-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-Gal terminus 1 and are known to be the antigen responsible for antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. Terminal 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-deoxy-Gal derivatives of α-Gal were synthesized. Inhibition ELISA using mouse laminin was established to determine the binding affinity of the synthesized α-Gal derivatives. 4-Deoxy-α-Gal derivative 7 showed a significant reduction in antibody recognition. The IC50 value was 15-fold poorer than the standard α-Gal epitopes α-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-Glc-NHAc (39) and α-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-Glc-OBn (40). A similar observation was seen with 2-deoxy-α-Gal derivative 5, whose IC50 value was nearly tenfold higher than the standards. Interestingly, substitution at the terminal 3-position resulted in only a fourfold decrease in antibody recognition, suggesting a possible point of future derivation. Finally, 6-deoxy-α-Gal derivative 8 exhibited similar antibody recognition to both α-Gal epitope 39 and α-Gal epitope 40. This strongly suggests that derivatization at the 6-position can be accomplished without loss of antibody recognition. These findings can be utilized for the future design of other α-Gal derivatives.