1422-27-1Relevant articles and documents
Novel insights into oxidation of fatty acids and fatty alcohols by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP4B1
Thesseling, Florian A.,Hutter, Michael C.,Wiek, Constanze,Kowalski, John P.,Rettie, Allan E.,Girhard, Marco
, (2019/12/12)
CYP4B1 is an enigmatic mammalian cytochrome P450 monooxygenase acting at the interface between xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. A prominent CYP4B1 substrate is the furan pro-toxin 4-ipomeanol (IPO). Our recent investigation on metabolism of IPO related compounds that maintain the furan functionality of IPO while replacing its alcohol group with alkyl chains of varying structure and length revealed that, in addition to cytotoxic reactive metabolite formation (resulting from furan activation) non-cytotoxic ω-hydroxylation at the alkyl chain can also occur. We hypothesized that substrate reorientations may happen in the active site of CYP4B1. These findings prompted us to re-investigate oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty alcohols with C9–C16 carbon chain length by CYP4B1. Strikingly, we found that besides the previously reported ω- and ω-1-hydroxylations, CYP4B1 is also capable of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-fatty acid hydroxylation. In contrast, fatty alcohols of the same chain length are exclusively hydroxylated at ω, ω-1, and ω-2 positions. Docking results for the corresponding CYP4B1-substrate complexes revealed that fatty acids can adopt U-shaped bonding conformations, such that carbon atoms in both arms may approach the heme-iron. Quantum chemical estimates of activation energies of the hydrogen radical abstraction by the reactive compound 1 as well as electron densities of the substrate orbitals led to the conclusion that fatty acid and fatty alcohol oxidations by CYP4B1 are kinetically controlled reactions.
Regio- and Enantio-selective Chemo-enzymatic C?H-Lactonization of Decanoic Acid to (S)-δ-Decalactone
Manning, Jack,Tavanti, Michele,Porter, Joanne L.,Kress, Nico,De Visser, Sam P.,Turner, Nicholas J.,Flitsch, Sabine L.
, p. 5668 - 5671 (2019/03/29)
The conversion of saturated fatty acids to high value chiral hydroxy-acids and lactones poses a number of synthetic challenges: the activation of unreactive C?H bonds and the need for regio- and stereoselectivity. Here the first example of a wild-type cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP116B46 from Tepidiphilus thermophilus) capable of enantio- and regioselective C5 hydroxylation of decanoic acid 1 to (S)-5-hydroxydecanoic acid 2 is reported. Subsequent lactonization yields (S)-δ-decalactone 3, a high value fragrance compound, with greater than 90 % ee. Docking studies provide a rationale for the high regio- and enantioselectivity of the reaction.
Selective ?-1 oxidation of fatty acids by CYP147G1 from Mycobacterium marinum
Child, Stella A.,Rossi, Vanessa P.,Bell, Stephen G.
, p. 408 - 417 (2018/12/11)
Background: Cyp147G1 is one of 47 cytochrome P450 encoding genes in Mycobacterium marinum M, a pathogenic bacterium with a high degree of sequence similarity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium ulcerans. Cyp147G1 is one of only two of these cyp genes which are closely associated with a complete electron transfer system. Methods: The substrate range of the enzyme was tested in vitro and the activity of CYP147G1 was reconstituted in vivo by co-producing the P450 with the ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase. Results: Substrates of CYP147G1 include fatty acids ranging from octanoic to hexadecanoic acid. CYP147G1 catalysed the selective hydroxylation of linear and ω-2 methyl branched fatty acids at the ω-1 position (≥ 98%). Oxidation of ω-1 methyl branched fatty acids generated the ω and ω-1 hydroxylation products in almost equal proportions, indicating altered position of hydrogen abstraction. Conclusions: This selectivity of fatty acid hydroxylation inferred that linear species must bind in the active site of the enzyme with the terminal methyl group sequestered so that abstraction at the C–H bonds of the ω-1 position is favoured. With branched substrates, one of the methyl groups must be close to the compound I oxygen atom and enable hydroxylation at the terminal methyl group to compete with the reaction at the ω-1C–H bond. General significance: Hydroxy fatty acids are widely used for industrial, food and medical purposes. CYP147G1 demonstrates high regioselectivity for hydroxylation at a sub-terminal position on a broad range of linear fatty acids, not seen in other CYP enzymes.
Characterization of CYP154F1 from Thermobifida fusca YX and Extension of Its Substrate Spectrum by Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Rühlmann, Ansgar,Groth, Georg,Urlacher, Vlada B.
, p. 478 - 485 (2018/02/06)
Previous studies on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) from family 154 reported their substrate promiscuity and high activity. Hence, herein, the uncharacterized family member CYP154F1 is described. Screening of more than 100 organic compounds revealed
m-Chloroperbenzoic acid-oxchromium (VI)-mediated cleavage of 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles
Patil, Pravin C.,Luzzio, Frederick A.
, p. 1280 - 1282 (2017/03/10)
An array of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyloxazoles were found to be cleaved to triacylamines and diacylamines (imides) using a reagent system composed of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) and 2,2′-bipyridinium chlorochromate (BPCC). The 2-alkyl-4,5-diphenyloxaz
Taste modifiers
-
, (2016/11/21)
A method of modifying the taste of a consumable, comprising adding to a consumable base at least one compound of the formula I in which (a) A is selected from the moieties (b) n is from 0-7, such that X is absent or a linear alkylene group in which n is from 1-7; and (c) Z is absent and Y is a moiety selected from the groups —CHO, or —CH2OH; or (d) Z is present and is a C1-7 linear alkane, and Y is selected from —CHOH, —CO, or —COC(CH3)O. The result is a consumable with enhanced mouthfeel and/or creaminess.
Unprecedented NES non-antagonistic inhibitor for nuclear export of Rev from Sida cordifolia
Tamura, Satoru,Kaneko, Masafumi,Shiomi, Atsushi,Yang, Guang-Ming,Yamaura, Toshiaki,Murakami, Nobutoshi
scheme or table, p. 1837 - 1839 (2010/07/02)
Bioassay-guided separation from the MeOH extract of the South American medicinal plant Sida cordifolia resulted in isolation of (10E,12Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (1) as an unprecedented NES non-antagonistic inhibitor for nuclear export of Rev. This mechanism of action was established by competitive experiment by the biotinylated probe derived from leptomycin B, the known NES antagonistic inhibitor. Additionally, structure-activity relationship analysis by use of the synthesized analogs clarified cooperation of several functionalities in the Rev-export inhibitory activity of 1.
Synthesis of 10-hydroxy- and 9-oxo-2E-decenoic acids from oleic acid
Kharisov,Botsman,Botsman,Ishmuratova,Ishmuratov,Tolstikov
, p. 145 - 148 (2007/10/03)
A practical synthesis of biologically active 10-hydroxy- and 9-oxo-2E-decenoic acids, components of mandibular gland secretion of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), is developed using ozonolysis - reduction of oleic acid and 1,9-diacetoxynon-1-ene in the key steps.
Regioselectivity and Activity of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 and Mutant F87A in Reactions Driven by Hydrogen Peroxide
Cirino, Patrick C.,Arnold, Frances H.
, p. 932 - 937 (2007/10/03)
Cytochrome P450 BM-3 (EC 1.14.14.1) is a monooxygenase that utilizes NADPH and dioxygen to hydroxylate fatty acids at subterminal positions. The enzyme is also capable of functioning as a peroxygenase in the same reaction, by utilizing hydrogen peroxide i
Cyclization of 9-Substituted Decanoic Acid Derivatives to 9-Decanolide and 9-Decanelactam
Bartra, Marti,Vilarrasa, Jaume
, p. 5132 - 5138 (2007/10/02)
Several standard and some novel cyclization reactions have been applied to 9-substituted decanoic acids to establish which are the optimum procedures for lactonization and lactamization at 80 deg C under identical high-dilution conditions.The methods of Galli-Mandolini and Kellogg (cyclization of 9-bromodecanoate ion), Gerlach (cyclization of S-2-pyridyl 9-hydroxydecanethioate in the presence of AgClO4), and Yamaguchi (activation of the carboxyl group as a mixed anhydride) in the presence of an excess of DMAP appear to be the most useful for the preparation of the 10-membered lactone, phoracantolide I, under these conditions.Analogously, treatment of S-2-pyridyl 9-azidodecanethionate with Sn(SePh)3(1-) afforded the best yield of the 10-membered lactam.The mixed anhydrides RCOOCOAr (Ar = 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) are more reactive than thioesters RCOSPy (Py = 2-pyridyl) with benzyl alcohol or benzylamine; it is confirmed that the addition of DMAP activates the reaction of alcohols with mixed anhydrides much more than with pyridyl thioesters, while the addition of Ag(1+) strongly activates RCOSPy in relation to either RCOOCOAr or RCOOSO2Mes.
