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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Low band-gap D-A conjugated copolymers based on anthradithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole for polymer solar cells and field-effect transistors

Two conjugated copolymers PADT-DPP and PADT-FDPP based on anthradithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole, with thiophene and furan as the π-conjugated bridge, respectively, were successfully synthesized and characterized. The number-averaged molecular weights of the two polymers are 38.7 and 30.2 kg/mol, respectively. Polymers PADT-DPP and PADT-FDPP exhibit broad absorption bands and their optical band gaps are 1.44 and 1.50 eV, respectively. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of PADT-DPP is located at -5.03 eV while that of PADT-FDPP is at -5.16 eV. In field-effect transistors, PADT-DPP and PADT-FDPP displayed hole mobilities of 4.7 × 10-3 and 2.7 × 10-3 cm2/(V s), respectively. In polymer solar cells, PADT-DPP and PADT-FDPP showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.44% and 0.29%, respectively. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the poor efficiency of PADT-FDPP should be related to the large two-phase separation in its active layer. If 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was used as the solvent additive, the PCE of PADT-DPP remained almost unchanged due to very limited morphology variation. However, the addition of DIO could remarkably elevate the PCE of PADT-FDPP to 2.62% because of the greatly improved morphology. Our results suggest that the anthradithiophene as an electron-donating polycyclic system is useful to construct new D-A alternating copolymers for efficient polymer solar cells.

SYNTHESIS OF NEW SMALL MOLECULES/OLIGOMERS WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY AND ABSORPTION FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATION

Disclosed are semiconducting or conducting organic small molecules and oligomers that contain a central, electron rich, functionalized dihydrodicyclopentylanthracene core (or electron donor core) that is connected to at least one or two comparatively electron deficient monomeric unit or units (or electron acceptor units) that feature group 16 heteroatoms sulfur, selenium or tellurium or combinations thereof. Multiple electron rich cores can be linked together through one or more alkynyl linkages. The small molecules and oligomers can have the following generic structure and can be used in areas such as organic photovoltaic materials..

Hexathienocoronenes: Synthesis and self-organization

Here we report hexathienocoronenes (HTCs), fully thiophene-annelated coronenes in which six double bonds in the periphery are thieno-fused. The derivatives tetrasubstituted with hexyl and dodecyl chains show a phase formation that strongly depends on the chain length. HTCs are remarkably stronger donors than the known thiophene-annelated coronenes but do not readily assemble into well-ordered films when deposited from the vapor phase. Thus, thin-film transistors fabricated by vacuum deposition have only modest field-effect mobilities of 0.002 cm2 V-1 s-1.

Stable, crystalline acenedithiophenes with up to seven linearly fused rings

(Chemical Equation Presented) We report the synthesis of a series of crystalline acenedithiophenes with up to seven linearly fused rings and silylethynyl substituents. These functional groups are designed to both improve solubility and enhance cofacial interactions in the solid. We discuss the crystal packing of these materials, as well as their physical properties such as oxidation potential, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and decomposition pathways.

Novel ?-Extended Thiophene-Fused Electron Acceptors for Organic Metals

Novel ?-extended thiophene-fused TCNQ-type and DCNQI-type acceptors have been synthesized from the corresonding quinones by reaction with Lehnert's reagent and bis(trimetylsilyl)carbodiimide (BTC), respectively.Additionally, an example of the little-known hybrid TCNQ-DCNQI-type acceptor has also been obtained.The cyclic voltammetric data of the novel acceptors reveal two different behaviours for these molecules.The TCNQ-type derivatives exhibit a two-electron single-wave reduction to the dianion, as confirmed by controlled potential coulometry analysis.The DCNQI-type derivatives display two reduction waves to the corresponding radical anion and dianion.The same behaviour is shown by the hybrid TCNQ-DCNQI derivative.The acceptor ability is related to molecular planarity, and a comparative crystallographic study involving TCNQ-type and DCNQI-type derivatives (6a, 7a, and 8a) has been performed.