14488-45-0

Usage

Uses

1. Used in Photovoltaic Applications:
Propylamine Hydroiodide is used as an additive for perovskite precursor solutions to enhance the properties of perovskite structures, such as band-gap, stability, and electrical conductivity. This improvement in properties is crucial for the efficiency and performance of solar cells and other photovoltaic devices.
2. Used in Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs):
By introducing a bulkier organic cation like PAI to the perovskite material with a structure of APbX3, the distance between Pb–I structural units is increased. This results in a shift from a 3D structure to a 2D structure, which can be used for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The 2D crystalline structures offer improved stability and electronic properties, making them suitable for use in LED applications.
3. Used in 2D-3D Hybrid Structures:
Propylamine Hydroiodide can be incorporated into the standard methylammonium framework, leading to the formation of 2D-3D hybrid structures. These hybrid structures improve the stability and electronic properties of grain boundaries within thin films, which can be beneficial for various applications in the electronics and optoelectronics industries.

Upstream product

• 107-10-8 propylamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structure and function relationships in alkylammonium lead(II) iodide solar cells

Alkylammonium lead(ii) iodide materials (APbI3), based on the general formula of CH3-(CH2)n-NH3PbI3, may lead to a monumental leap in developing affordable photovoltaics. Herein, we correlate the structure and function relationships of alkylammonium lead(ii) iodide in solar cells. We investigated changes in the structure of APbI3 materials by varying the alkylammonium cations in their structure. As the size of the alkylammonium cation increased, the crystallographic unit cell increased in size and yielded lower symmetry crystals. High symmetry materials, those with cubic symmetry, showed the highest conductivity, the smallest bandgap, and produced the best performing solar cells. Structural changes were investigated by X-ray crystallography, X-ray powder diffraction, and Raman scattering.

From 2D to 1D Electronic Dimensionality in Halide Perovskites with Stepped and Flat Layers Using Propylammonium as a Spacer

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites are promising in optoelectronic applications, particularly solar cells and light-emitting devices (LEDs), and for their increased stability as compared to 3D perovskites. Here, we report a new series of structures using propylammonium (PA+), which results in a series of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) structures with the formula (PA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 3, 4) and a new homologous series of step-like (SL) structures where the PbI6 octahedra connect in a corner- and face-sharing motif with the general formula (PA)2m+4(MA)m-2Pb2m+1I7m+4 (m = 2, 3, 4). The RP structures show a blue-shift in bandgap for decreasing n (1.90 eV for n = 4 and 2.03 eV for n = 3), while the SL structures have an even greater blue-shift (2.53 eV for m = 4, 2.74 eV for m = 3, and 2.93 eV for m = 2). DFT calculations show that, while the RP structures are electronically 2D quantum wells, the SL structures are electronically 1D quantum wires with chains of corner-sharing octahedra insulated by blocks of face-sharing octahedra. Dark measurements for RP crystals show high resistivity perpendicular to the layers (1011 ω cm) but a lower resistivity parallel to them (107 ω cm). The SL crystals have varying resistivity in all three directions, confirming both RP and SL crystals' utility as anisotropic electronic materials. The RP structures show strong photoresponse, whereas the SL materials exhibit resistivity trends that are dominated by ionic transport and no photoresponse. Solar cells were made with n = 3 giving an efficiency of 7.04% (average 6.28 ± 0.65%) with negligible hysteresis.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, SOLAR CELL, AND COMPOSITION

Provided are a photoelectric conversion element, a solar cell using the photoelectric conversion element, and a composition. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode including a photosensitive layer, which includes a light absorbing agent, on a conductive support. The light absorbing agent includes a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure that includes organic cations represented by the following Formulae (1) and (2), a cation of a metal atom, and an anion. [in-line-formulae]R1—N(R1a)3+??Formula (1)[/in-line-formulae] [in-line-formulae]R2—N(R2a)3+??Formula (2)[/in-line-formulae] In Formulae (1) and (2), R1 represents a specific group such as an alkyl group (including a specific substituent group in a case where the number of carbons is 1 or 2), and a cycloalkyl group. R2 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, and the like. R1a and R2a represent a specific group such as a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group.