14528-51-9Relevant articles and documents
Nickel-catalyzed reductive deoxygenation of diverse C-O bond-bearing functional groups
Cook, Adam,MacLean, Haydn,St. Onge, Piers,Newman, Stephen G.
, p. 13337 - 13347 (2021/11/20)
We report a catalytic method for the direct deoxygenation of various C-O bond-containing functional groups. Using a Ni(II) pre-catalyst and silane reducing agent, alcohols, epoxides, and ethers are reduced to the corresponding alkane. Unsaturated species including aldehydes and ketones are also deoxygenated via initial formation of an intermediate silylated alcohol. The reaction is chemoselective for C(sp3)-O bonds, leaving amines, anilines, aryl ethers, alkenes, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles untouched. Applications toward catalytic deuteration, benzyl ether deprotection, and the valorization of biomass-derived feedstocks demonstrate some of the practical aspects of this methodology.
The hydroxyl functionality and a rigid proximal N are required for forming a novel non-covalent quinine-heme complex
Alumasa, John N.,Gorka, Alexander P.,Casabianca, Leah B.,Comstock, Erica,De Dios, Angel C.,Roepe, Paul D.
, p. 467 - 475 (2012/05/20)
Quinoline antimalarial drugs bind both monomeric and dimeric forms of free heme, with distinct preferences depending on the chemical environment. Under biological conditions, chloroquine (CQ) appears to prefer to bind to μ-oxo dimeric heme, while quinine (QN) preferentially binds monomer. To further explore this important distinction, we study three newly synthesized and several commercially available QN analogues lacking various functional groups. We find that removal of the QN hydroxyl lowers heme affinity, hemozoin (Hz) inhibition efficiency, and antiplasmodial activity. Elimination of the rigid quinuclidyl ring has similar effects, but elimination of either the vinyl or methoxy group does not. Replacing the quinuclidyl N with a less rigid tertiary aliphatic N only partially restores activity. To further study these trends, we probe drug-heme interactions via NMR studies with both Fe and Zn protoporphyrin IX (FPIX, ZnPIX) for QN, dehydroxyQN (DHQN), dequinuclidylQN (DQQN), and deamino-dequinuclidylQN (DADQQN). Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the presence of FPIX demonstrate that these compounds differentially perturb FPIX monomer-dimer equilibrium. We also isolate the QN-FPIX complex formed under mild aqueous conditions and analyze it by mass spectrometry, as well as fluorescence, vibrational, and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. The data elucidate key features of QN pharmacology and allow us to propose a refined model for the preferred binding of QN to monomeric FPIX under biologically relevant conditions. With this model in hand, we also propose how QN, CQ, and amodiaquine (AQ) differ in their ability to inhibit Hz formation.
PHOTOREACTIONS OF QUININE IN AQUEOUS CITRIC ACID SOLUTION. PART 3. PRODUCTS FORMED IN AQUEOUS 2-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPROPIONIC ACID
McHale, D.,Laurie, W. A.,Saag, K.,Sheridan, B. J.
, p. 2127 - 2130 (2007/10/02)
7'-(2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)-7',8'-dihydroquinine and the corresponding 7',8'-dihydrodeoxyquinine derivative have been identified together with deoxyquinine as products of the irradation of quinine in aqueous 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid.A cyclised product of 4'-(2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)-1',4'-dihydroquinine was also isolated from the reaction mixture.