1453096-05-3

Upstream product

• 76179-40-3 2-amino-4,5-difluoroaniline 

Downstream Products

• 1450590-76-7 4,7-di(4-hexyl-5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluorine-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of selenophene substituted benzodithiophene and fluorinated benzothiadiazole based conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications

A series of alternating conjugated copolymers which contain selenophene modified benzodithiophene and fluorine bearing benzothiadiazole have been synthesized via Stille polycondensation reaction to investigate the effect of the number of fluorine atoms substituted to the benzothiadiazole. Three different polymers, PBDTSe-BT, PBDTSe-FBT and PBDTSe-FFBT, were reported and their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and photovoltaic behaviors were examined. Density functional theory calculations were performed on model tetramer structures to shed light on how substituting the fluorine atom to the acceptor building block affects the structural, electronic and optical properties of the polymers. The results of computational studies were compared with experimental studies. The structure adjustment accomplished by fluorine substitution on the benzothiadiazole moiety reveals an influence on the electronic structure of polymers with a more negative HOMO energy level. A high VOC for the resulting photovoltaic device was examined for PBDTSe-FFBT. Difluorinated polymer PBDTSe-FFBT:PC71BM organic solar cell exhibited the highest photovoltaic performance of 2.63% with JSC of 7.24 mA cm-2, VOC of 0.72 V and FF of 50.6%. PBDTSe-BT:PC71BM revealed the best PCE as 2.39%, and the device reached the highest efficiency up to 1.68% for PBDTSe-FBT:PC71BM.

Effective design of A-D-A small molecules for high performance organic solar cells via F atom substitution and thiophene bridge

Three novel small molecules with acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) configuration, SBDT1, SBDT2 and SBDT3, where 4,8-bis(octyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) as the electron-donating core connecting to thiophene-substituted benzothiadiazole (BT) as electron-withdrawing are reported. The effects of fluorine atoms on the photophysical properties by introducing different fluorine atoms into the benzothiadiazole unit were investigated. These SBDTs exhibit good thermal stability, excellent panchromatic absorption in solution and film. SBDT2 and SBDT3 with fluorine-substituted BT possess a relatively deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). These A-D-A type molecules were treated as donor and PC71BM as acceptor in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) small-molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs). Among them, device based on SBDT2 gave the best device performance with a PCE of 5.06% with Jsc of 10.56 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.85 V, fill factor (FF) of 56.4%. These studies indicate that proper incorporation of fluorine atoms is an effective way to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells.

Fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells without any processing additives or post-treatments

Thanks to their many favorable advantages, polymer solar cells exhibit great potential for next-generation clean energy sources. Herein, we have successfully designed and synthesized a series of new fluorinated benzothiadiazole-based conjugated copolymers PBDTTEH-DT HBTff (P1), PBDTTEH-DTEHBTff (P2), and PBDTHDO-DTHBTff (P3). The power conversion efficiencies of 4.46, 6.20, and 8.30% were achieved for P1-, P2-, and P3-based devices within ～100 nm thickness active layers under AM 1.5G illumination without any processing additives or post-treatments, respectively. The PCE of 8.30% for P3 is the highest value for the reported traditional single-junction polymer solar cells via a simple fabrication architecture without any additives or post-treatments. In addition, it is noteworthy that P3 also allows making high efficient polymer solar cells with high PCEs of 7.27 and 6.56% under the same condition for ～200 and ～300 nm thickness active layers, respectively. Excellent photoelectric properties and good solubility make polymer P3 become an alternative material for high-performance polymer solar cells.