14549-14-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Electrostatic acceleration of enolization in cationic ketones
Tobin, John B.,Frey, Perry A.
, p. 12253 - 12260 (1996)
Rate constants for the water, acetate, and hydroxide ion-catalyzed enolizations of the cationic ketones 2-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium ion (3) and 1-methyl-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinium ion (4) have been measured at 25°C and compared with those reporte
1-Alkyl-2-(carbomethoxy)pyridinyl Radicals: Monomers and Dimers Defined through Chemical and Photochemical Properties and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Hermolin, Joshua,Levin, Menachem,Ikegami, Yusaku,Sawayanagi, Masako,Kosower, Edward M.
, p. 4795 - 4800 (1981)
1-Methyl-2-(carbomethoxy)pyridinium ion (2+) is reduced to the radical dimer (2-2) which is in equilibrium with a small amount of 1-methyl-2-(carbomethoxy)pyridinyl radical (2).Distillation of the dimer leads to thin films (at 77 K) of the radical 2, which dimerizes in solution.Chemical properties and EPR spectra of dimer solutions reflect the presence of the monomeric radical in equilibrium with the dimer; 2+ polarography also indicates a monomer-dimer equilibrium.Laser pulse dissociation of the dimer in solution gives the monomer reversibly, with kassoc of ca. 106 M-1 s-1.The dimerization constant, Ka (titration method), is 4*105 M-1; electrochemical techniques lead to a Ka value at least 7*104 M-1, a kassoc value of ca. 1-4*104 M-1 s-1, and kdissoc of 1 s-1.The activation energy of dimer dissociation (from EPR spectral broadening) is 7.7 kcal/mol (CH3CN) or 9.4 kcal/mol (2-MTHF).The 1-methyl-2-acetylpyridinyl radical > is easily prepared and distilled and has a stability similar to that of the 1-methyl-4-(carbomethoxy)pyridinyl radical (4) EPR spectra of the 2-acetyl and 2-(carbomethoxy)pyridinyls are presented and analyted.A convenient electrochemical cell for the generation and analysis of air-sensitive one-electron reduced species (such as the pyridinyl radicals) or unstable pyridinyl radical dimers) is described.
Substantial formation of hydrates and hemiacetals from pyridinium ketones
Huang, Sha,Miller, Amanda K.,Wu, Weiming
scheme or table, p. 6584 - 6585 (2011/02/24)
Pyridinium ketones have been found to exist as hydrates and hemiacetals in considerable amount in aqueous and alcoholic solutions, respectively. The relative position of the pyridinium positive charge has a large effect on the equilibrium constants. The polar substituent constants, σ,* of the pyridinium group substituted at different positions can be estimated from the hydration constants.
