14696-23-2

Usage

Uses

Norhydromorphone is a novel metabolite of Hydromorphone (H714650).

Upstream product

• 466-97-7 normorphine 
• 85618-66-2 (-)-4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-N-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)morphinan-6-one 
• 33049-61-5 (-)-tetrahydrothebaine 
• 71-68-1 hydromorphone hydrochloride 
• 1421-28-9 Dihydromorphine hydrochloride 
• 58752-60-6 3-O-acetyldihydromorphine 
• 466-99-9 hydromorphone 

Downstream Products

• 85618-71-9 (-)-3-benzyloxy-N-formyl-4-hydroxymorphinan-6-one 
• 85618-67-3 (-)-3-benzyloxy-4,5-epoxy-N-formylmorphinan-6-one 
• 85618-72-0 (-)-3-benzyloxy-N-formyl-4,6-dimethoxy-5,6-didehydromorphinan 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Identification and synthesis of norhydromorphone, and determination of antinociceptive activities in the rat formalin test

The main objective of this paper is to report the identification and synthesis of norhydromorphone, a novel metabolite of hydromorphone, and its antinociceptive activities when tested in the formalin test as compared to other known analgesics. In addition, we are reporting for the first time the lack of antinociceptive activities of hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, dihydromorphine-3- glucuronide and dihydroisomorphine-3-glucuronide in the rat formalin test. Norhydromorphone was isolated and identified as a metabolite of hydromorphone in a cancer patient's urine. An authentic standard of norhydromorphone was synthesized. The identity of norhydromorphone in the urine sample was confirmed by comparing the LC retention time and MS ion fragmentation with the synthetic standard using a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric-mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) assay. Norhydromorphone was found to be a minor metabolite of hydromorphone in the urine. Additionally, the antinociceptive activities of norhydromorphone, hydromorphone, morphine, dihydromorphine, dihydroisomorphine, hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, dihydromorphine-3-glucuronide and dihydroisomorphine-3-glucuronide were determined in the rat formalin test following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Only limited antinociception was observed and no significant increase in antinociception was detected at the three doses tested. The increased polarity of norhydromorphone as compared to hydromorphone due to the primary piperidine nitrogen may make it less favorable to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which may be partly responsible. In addition, lower intrinsic antinociceptive activity, which remains to be determined, could also contribute to the low antinociception. Our results also show that hydromorphone was five times as potent as morphine in the formalin test, while dihydromorphine and dihydroisomorphine were equipotent to and 36% as potent as morphine, respectively. Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, dihydromorphine-3-glucuronide and dihydroisomorphine-3-glucuronide did not exhibit any antinociceptive effect at the doses tested. The results further underscore the importance of a free C3-OH to the analgesic effect of morphine alkaloids.

The intriguing effects of substituents in the N-phenethyl moiety of norhydromorphone: A bifunctional opioid from a set of "tail wags dog" experiments

(-)-N-Phenethyl analogs of optically pure N-norhydromorphone were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated in several in vitro assays (opioid receptor binding, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding, forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay, and MOR-mediated β-arrestin recruitment assays). "Body"and "tail"interactions with opioid receptors (a subset of Portoghese's message-address theory) were used for molecular modeling and simulations, where the "address"can be considered the "body"of the hydromorphone molecule and the "message"delivered by the substituent (tail) on the aromatic ring of the N-phenethyl moiety. One compound, N-p-chlorophenethynorhydromorphone ((7aR,12bS)-3-(4-chlorophenethyl)-9-hydroxy-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro- 1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one, 2i), was found to have nanomolar binding affinity at MOR and DOR. It was a potent partial agonist at MOR and a full potent agonist at DOR with a δ/μ potency ratio of 1.2 in the ([35S]GTPγS) assay. Bifunctional opioids that interact with MOR and DOR, the latter as agonists or antagonists, have been reported to have fewer sideeffects than MOR agonists. The p-chlorophenethyl compound 2i was evaluated for its effect on respiration in both mice and squirrel monkeys. Compound 2i did not depress respiration (using normal air) in mice or squirrel monkeys. However, under conditions of hypercapnia (using air mixed with 5% CO2), respiration was depressed in squirrel monkeys.

N-OXIDES OF 4,5-EPOXY-MORPHINANIUM ANALOGS

Novel N-oxides of 4,5-epoxy-morphinanIum analogs are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the N-oxides of 4,5-epoxy-morphinanium analogs and methods of their pharmaceutical uses are also disclosed. The compounds disclosed are useful, inter alia, as modulators of opioid receptors.