1498-69-7Relevant articles and documents
Fluorous oxime palladacycle: A precatalyst for carbon-carbon coupling reactions in aqueous and organic medium
Susanto, Woen,Chu, Chi-Yuan,Ang, Wei Jie,Chou, Tzyy-Chao,Lo, Lee-Chiang,Lam, Yulin
experimental part, p. 2729 - 2742 (2012/05/21)
To facilitate precatalyst recovery and reuse, we have developed a fluorous, oxime-based palladacycle 1 and demonstrated that it is a very efficient and versatile precatalyst for a wide range of carbon-carbon bond formation reactions (Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Stille, Heck, Glaser-type, and Kumada) in either aqueous or organic medium under microwave irradiation. Palladacycle 1 could be recovered through F-SPE in various coupling reactions with recovery ranging from 84 to 95% for the first cycle. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses of the Pd content in the crude product from each class of transformation indicated extremely low levels of leaching and the palladacycle could be reused four to five times without significant loss of activity.
Aromatic sulphonation. Part 72. Behaviour of Some 9-Alkylanthracenes containing 2 α-Hydrogens and 0-3 β-Hydrogens in the Side-chain with Dioxan-Sulphur Trioxide in Dioxan as Sulphonating Medium; Mechanism for Alkyl Side-chain Reduction and Subsequent Sulphonation
Griendt, Freek van de,Cerfontain, Hans
, p. 13 - 18 (2007/10/02)
The reactions at 17 deg C of seven 9-alkylanthracenes, with two alkyl α-hydrogens, with dioxan-SO3 in dioxan has been studied.With the exception of 9-ethyl- and 9-neopentyl-anthracene these substrates yield products having a side-chain structure with (i) the sulphonate group at C-α (α-sulphonic acids) and/or (ii) a double bond at C-α with the sulphonate group at C-γ (α-alkene-γ-sulphonic acids). 9-Ethylanthracene yields, besides the α-sulphonic acid, an α-alkene-β-sulphonic acid, whereas 9-neopentylanthracene leads to sulphonation of the anthryl group at the 10- and 4-positions.It is proposed that the α-sulphonic acids are formed as suggested for the formation of 9-anthrylmethanesulphonic acid from 9-methylanthracene, and that the α-alkene-γ-sulphonic acids are produced by sulphonation of 9-(alk-1-enyl)anthracenes, which intermediates result from a redox reaction between the 9-alkylanthracenes and SO3.