1541-66-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactants with Polar Head Groups Containing 2-Hydroxypropyl Moieties
Bai, Yun,Pu, Chunsheng,Liu, Shuai,Gao, Xiang,Chen, Gang
, p. 199 - 208 (2021)
The purpose of this paper is to comprehend in-depth the effect of the surfactant structure on its and physicochemical properties such as surface/interfacial properties, foam stability, wettability, and biodegradability. To this end, quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[(2-hydroxypropyl)dodecylammonium] dibromide (abbreviated as Cm-n-Cm[iso-Pr(OH)]2 with m = 12, 14 and n = 2, 3, 4) were synthesized via substitution and quaternization reactions, and their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopies. The results showed that with the decrease of the spacer length, the surface tension was reduced more strongly, and with the increase of the alkyl tail length, micelles were more easily formed. Besides, the highest surface activity of C14-2-C14[iso-Pr(OH)]2 was observed by increasing NaCl concentration to 200 g L?1. The temperature had a great influence on thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption and micellization. The interfacial tension between 0.26 g L?1 C14-2-C14[iso-Pr(OH)]2 solution and oil could reach 0.022 mN m?1. An elongation of the spacer chain in C14-n-C14[iso-Pr(OH)]2 was unfavorable to foam stability. Besides, the oil-wetted core, which was aged in 0.6 g L?1 C14-2-C14[iso-Pr(OH)]2 solution, exhibited more hydrophilicity. Cm-n-Cm[iso-Pr(OH)]2 surfactants produced higher biodegradable rates in river water (≥ 90% after 28 days) than the biodegradable surfactant of international recommendation (71% after 28 days) at 30 °C.
Aggregation and antimicrobial properties of gemini surfactants with mono- and di-(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium head-groups: Effect of the spacer length and computational studies
Asadov, Ziyafaddin H.,Ahmadova, Gulnara A.,Rahimov, Ravan A.,Hashimzade, Seyid-Zeynab F.,Abdullayev, Yusif,Ismailov, Etibar H.,Suleymanova, Samira A.,Asadova, Nahida Z.,Zubkov, Fedor I.,Autschbach, Jochen
, (2020/02/11)
Cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[(2-hydroxypropyl)dodecylammonium] dibromide (abbreviated as C12-s-C12[iso-Pr(OH)] and C12-s-C12[iso-Pr(OH)]2, with s = 2, 3, 4 and 5) have been synthesized, and their aggregation properties in aqueous solution have been studied by surface tension, electrical conductivity and dynamic light scattering methods. On the basis of the results of studying aqueous solutions of the synthesized gemini surfactants by tensiometric and conductometric methods, their principal surfactivity parameters, such as the degree of counterion binding (β), critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (πCMC), surface excess concentration (Γmax), area per molecule at the interface (Amin), changes of Gibbs free energies of adsorption (ΔGad) and micellization (ΔGmic) have been calculated. For both classes of these gemini surfactants, a character of the surfactivity parameters change with an elongation of the spacer chain was defined and comparative analysis with other ammonium-type gemini surfactants having different head-groups was performed. Using dynamic light scattering method, regularities of variation of the aggregates sizes were studied depending on the number of 2-hydroxypropyl groups and the spacer chain length was investigated. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the mentioned gemini surfactants possess antimicrobial properties. The mechanism of the epoxide ring opening and salt formation reactions were calculated by using Kohn–Sham DFT with the B3LYP functional. The epoxide ring opening via primary (dodecylamine) and secondary (INT2) amines was determined as exergonic (13.4 and 4.4 kcal/mol) reactions as observed experimentally.
Phosphorous amine lubricant additives
-
, (2008/06/13)
Lubricant additives are produced by reacting an alkoxylated amine with phosphorous acid. The additives preferably also contain a boron moiety which is reacted with the phosphorous acid and amine, preferably in a one step reaction. More preferably, a mono-functional alcohol or a long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acid is added to this mixture. The additives are particularly useful in metal working oils and particularly as extreme pressure additives to replace the currently used chlorinated paraffin additives.
