15547-17-8Relevant articles and documents
Hydrogenation of alkyl-anthraquinone over hydrophobically functionalized Pd/SBA-15 catalysts
Wang, Li,Zhang, Yue,Ma, Qingqing,Pan, Zhiyong,Zong, Baoning
, p. 34581 - 34588 (2019)
Organosilane-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by the co-condensation method and then applied as a support of Pd catalysts for hydrogenation of 2-alkyl-anthraquinone (AQ, alkyl = ethyl, tert-butyl and amyl). The as-prepared Pd catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential, water contact angles measurement and transmission electron microscopy. By extending the pre-hydrolysis time of the silica source, the content of functional groups in the catalysts slightly increases. However, there is an initial increase in zeta potential and water contact angles up to a maximum at 2 h, followed by a decrease as the pre-hydrolysis time was further prolonged. The hydrophobicity created by organic functionalization has positive effects on AQ hydrogenation. The catalyst with the highest hydrophobicity exhibits the highest catalytic activity, with increments of 33.3%, 60.0% and 150.0% for hydrogenation of ethyl-, tert-butyl- and amyl-anthraquinone compared with the unfunctionalized one.
The role of alkali modifiers (Li, Na, K, Cs) in activity of 2%Pd/Al 2O3 catalysts for 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquione hydrogenation
Kosydar,Drelinkiewicz,Lalik,Gurgul
experimental part, p. 121 - 131 (2012/04/10)
Present research concentrates on the role of alkali modifiers (Li, Na, K, Cs) in activity of 2%Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (eAQ) hydrogenation. The catalysts with various content of alkali modifier (Me/Pd molar ratio ranges from 0.5 up to 4, Me-alkali metal) were prepared by impregnation of pre-reduced 2%Pd/Al2O 3 catalyst with appropriate alkali metal carbonates. The XPS, EDS and TEM measurements show that alkali promoters are introduced into alumina matrix. The microcalorimertic experiments of CO adsorption prove the interaction of CO with catalysts leading to stronger bonding of carbon monoxide by alkali doped catalysts. The presence of alkali promoters in Pd/Al2O3 catalyst plays an essential role in the whole eAQ hydrogenation process. The nature of alkali promoter and its content (Me/Pd atomic ratio) in catalyst are of importance. As the alkalinity of promoter increases going from Li to Cs all the effects caused by their presence become stronger. In the presence of alkali doped catalysts the content of 2-ethyloxoanthrone (OXO, isomer of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthrahydroquinone) formed is higher than that on un-doped 2%Pd/Al2O3. On the other hand, reactions in the "deep hydrogenation" stage comprising the formation of 2-ethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-9,10-anthraquinone (H4eAQ) and the transformation of OXO to 2-ethylanthrone and other degradation products are remarkably inhibited. In particular, the formation of 2-ethylanthrone via hydrogenolysis of OXO isomer is strongly suppressed. The Cs-doped catalyst exhibits the highest activity to OXO among all the catalysts tested whereas the ability of Cs-doped catalysts to the formation of anthrone is most effectively inhibited. The role of alkali modifiers is considered to be associated with stronger interactions between the catalyst and quinone reagents, and in particular OXO isomer. Moreover, in the reagent adsorption the centres of support nearby the palladium particles may also participate by affecting the mode of reagents adsorption.
