159098-71-2

Upstream product

• 24424-99-5 di-tert-butyl dicarbonate 
• 73-22-3 L-Tryptophan 
• 3392-11-8 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-tryptophanate 
• 100-46-9 benzylamine 
• 13139-14-5 Boc-Trp-OH 

Downstream Products

• 200865-74-3 (R)-3-[(S)-1-Benzylcarbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-ethylcarbamoyl]-5-methyl-hexanoic acid methyl ester 
• 125009-81-6 (S)-2-amino-N-benzyl-3-(1H-indole-3-yl)propanamide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Identification of a dual acting SARS-CoV-2 proteases inhibitor through in silico design and step-by-step biological characterization

COVID-19 pandemic, starting from the latest 2019, and caused by SARS-CoV-2 pathogen, led to the hardest health-socio-economic disaster in the last century. Despite the tremendous scientific efforts, mainly focused on the development of vaccines, identification of potent and efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics still represents an unmet need. Remdesivir, an anti-Ebola drug selected from a repurposing campaign, is the only drug approved, so far, for the treatment of the infection. Nevertheless, WHO in later 2020 has recommended against its use in COVID-19. In the present paper, we describe a step-by-step in silico design of a small library of compounds as main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. All the molecules were screened by an enzymatic assay on Mpro and, then, cellular activity was evaluated using Vero cells viral infection model. The cellular screening disclosed compounds 29 and 34 as in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitors at non-toxic concentrations (0.32 50 pro) and spike protein (SP) as potential targets for the synthesized molecules. This pharmacological workflow allowed the identification of compound 29, as a dual acting SARS-CoV-2 proteases inhibitor featuring micromolar inhibitory potency versus Mpro (IC50 = 1.72 μM) and submicromolar potency versus PLpro (IC50 = 0.67 μM), and of compound 34 as a selective SP inhibitor (IC50 = 3.26 μM).

Design, synthesis, and preliminary bioactivity evaluation of N1-hydroxyterephthalamide derivatives with indole cap as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors

Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) have been widely recognized as significant therapeutic approach to cancers. In our efforts to develop novel histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) as potential anticancer agents, a series of N1-hydroxyterephthalamide derivatives with an indole cap group were designed and synthesized. Compound 12m was identified to be the most potent one (IC50?=?0.074?μm against HeLa nuclear extract) and showed higher inhibitory activity than the positive control SAHA (IC50?=?0.131?μm), which was also verified by further molecular docking studies into active site of HDAC2. The results of selectivity on the inhibition of HDACs exhibited 12m being with similar isoform selective profile with PXD101. In addition, the representative compounds (8d, 12d, 12j, 12m) based on the outcomes of preliminary tumor cell screening demonstrated more potent or comparable to SAHA in the next antiproliferative activity assays. Collectively, the results encouraged further development of this chemical template to provide more potent analogs as HDACIs.

[...] - Orn (ClCH2NH) - AA - benzylamine, its synthesis, activity and application (by machine translation)

The invention discloses the following formula of 13 for β - Carboline -3 - formyl - Orn (ClCH2 NH) - AA - NHCH2 C6 H5 (In the formula AA is selected from L - Arg, L - Asn, L - Asp, L - Glu, L - Gly, L - Ile, L - Leu, L - Met, L - Phe, L - Pro, L - Thr, L - Trp, L - Val residue), discloses a process for their preparation, discloses their inhibition of tumor cell growth, therefore this invention discloses their use as anti-tumor medicament. (by machine translation)

C ring may be dispensable for β-carboline: Design, synthesis, and bioactivities evaluation of tryptophan analog derivatives based on the biosynthesis of β-carboline alkaloids

According to our previous work and the latest research on the biosynthesis of β-carboline, and using the reverse thinking strategy, tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of β-carboline alkaloids, and their derivatives were synthesized, and their biological activities and structure-activity relationships were studied. This bioassay showed that these compounds exhibited good inhibitory activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); especially (S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-octylpropanamide (4) (63.3 ± 2.1%, 67.1 ± 1.9%, 68.7 ± 1.3%, and 64.5 ± 3.1%, 500 μg/mL) exhibited the best antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 4 was chosen for the field trials and the acute oral toxicity test, the results showed that the compound exhibited good anti-TMV activity in the field and low acute oral toxicity. We also found that these compounds showed antifungal activities and insecticidal activities.

Hafnium-catalyzed direct amide formation at room temperature

Herein, the first example of a metal-catalyzed protocol for direct amidation of nonactivated carboxylic acids at ambient temperature (26 °C) is presented. The mild reaction conditions give rise to high yields of a range of amides in reaction times as short as 90 min, employing a commercial hafnium complex, [Hf(Cp)2Cl2], as catalyst. Amino acids are transformed into their corresponding amides without racemization, and the catalyst displays full selectivity for the amidation of carboxylic acids over esters. Electronic properties of the carboxylic acids were found to have a strong influence on the rate of the amidation reaction, and the need for a balanced amount of molecular sieves was observed to be highly important for optimal reaction outcome.

Virtual screening of peptide and peptidomimetic fragments targeted to inhibit bacterial dithiol oxidase DsbA

Antibacterial drugs with novel scaffolds and new mechanisms of action are desperately needed to address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. The periplasmic oxidative folding system in Gram-negative bacteria represents a possible target for anti-virulence antibacterials. By targeting virulence rather than viability, development of resistance and side effects (through killing host native microbiota) might be minimized. Here, we undertook the design of peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting the interaction between the two key enzymes of oxidative folding, DsbA and DsbB, with the ultimate goal of preventing virulence factor assembly. Structures of DsbB - or peptides - complexed with DsbA revealed key interactions with the DsbA active site cysteine, and with a hydrophobic groove adjacent to the active site. The present work aimed to discover peptidomimetics that target the hydrophobic groove to generate non-covalent DsbA inhibitors. The previously reported structure of a Proteus mirabilis DsbA active site cysteine mutant, in a non-covalent complex with the heptapeptide PWATCDS, was used as an in silico template for virtual screening of a peptidomimetic fragment library. The highest scoring fragment compound and nine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for DsbA binding and inhibition. These experiments discovered peptidomimetic fragments with inhibitory activity at millimolar concentrations. Although only weakly potent relative to larger covalent peptide inhibitors that interact through the active site cysteine, these fragments offer new opportunities as templates to build non-covalent inhibitors. The results suggest that non-covalent peptidomimetics may need to interact with sites beyond the hydrophobic groove in order to produce potent DsbA inhibitors.

Modulation of Reactivity in the Cavity of Liposomes Promotes the Formation of Peptide Bonds

In living cells, reactions take place in membrane-bound compartments, often in response to changes in the environment. Learning how the reactions are influenced by this compartmentalization will help us gain an optimal understanding of living organisms at the molecular level and, at the same time, will offer vital clues on the behavior of simple compartmentalized systems, such as prebiotic precursors of cells and cell-inspired artificial systems. In this work we show that a reactive building block (an activated amino acid derivative) trapped in the cavity of a liposome is protected against hydrolysis and reacts nearly quantitatively with another building block, which is membrane-permeable and free in solution, to form the dipeptide. By contrast, when the activated amino acid is found outside the liposome, hydrolysis is the prevalent reaction, showing that the cavity of the liposomes promotes the formation of peptide bonds. We attribute this result to the large lipid concentration in small compartments from the point of view of a membrane-impermeable molecule. Based on this result, we show how the outcome of the reaction can be predicted as a function of the size of the compartment. The implications of these results on the behavior of biomolecules in cell compartments, abiogenesis, and the design of artificial cell-inspired systems are considered.

NOVEL BINDER-DRUG CONJUGATES (ADCs) AND USE OF SAME

The present patent application relates to novel binder-drug conjugates (ADCs) of N,N-dialkylauristatins directed against the target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, gene ID 1956), effective metabolites of these ADCs, methods for producing these ADCs, use of these ADCs for treatment and or prevention of diseases as well as the use of these ADCs to produce pharmaceutical drugs for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular hyperproliferative and/or angiogenic diseases such as cancer, for example. Such treatments may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other pharmaceutical drugs or other therapeutic measures.

2-Amido-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-N-substitued-propanamides as a new class of falcipain-2 inhibitors. 1. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and binding model studies

The Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 (FP-2) is an important cysteine protease and an essential hemoglobinase of erythrocytic P. falciparum trophozoites. The discovery of new FP-2 inhibitors is now a hot topic in the search for potential malaria treatments. In this study, a series of novel small molecule FP-2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized based on three regional optimizations of the lead (R)-2-phenoxycarboxamido-3-(1H-indol- 3-yl)-N-benzylpropanamide (1), which was identified using structure-based virtual screening in conjunction with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based binding assays. Four compounds - 1, 2b, 2k and 2l - showed moderate FP-2 inhibition activity, with IC50 values of 10.0-39.4 μM, and the inhibitory activity of compound 2k was ～3-fold better than that of the prototype compound 1 and may prove useful for the development of micromolar level FP-2 inhibitors. Preliminary SAR data was obtained, while molecular modeling revealed that introduction of H-bond donor or/and acceptor atoms to the phenyl ring moiety in the C region would be likely to produce some additional H-bond interactions, which should consequently enhance molecular bioactivity.

Novel potent substance P and neurokinin A receptor antagonists. Conception, synthesis and biological evaluation of indolizine derivatives

Exploration of SAR around dual NK1/NK2 antagonist Cbz-Gly-Leu-Trp-OBzl(CF3)2 and its derivatives disclosed the essential requirements for more potent dual NK1/NK2 binding. We report here the synthesis and the biological properties of a novel series of indolizine including pharmacophoric elements.